Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	232,134 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLORINE 10	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	959,504 L.L
C09DX01	VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg		Tablet, film coated	1,196,020 L.L
D05AX52	BETA-CAL	G	Calcipotriol (monohydrate) - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g		Ointment	1,574,983 L.L
J01AA08	VULGA XR	G	Minocycline - 80mg	80mg	Tablet, film coated	2,832,820 L.L
J01DI02	ZINFORO	G	Ceftaroline fosamil - 600mg	600mg	Injectable powder for concentrate for solution	44,995,862 L.L
J05AH02	FLUMIVIR	G	Oseltamivir - 75mg	75mg	Capsule	1,384,158 L.L
L01EA01	GLIMATINIB BENTA	G	Imatinib (mesylate) - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, film coated	43,103,200 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL	G	Lidocaine HCl - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,787,950 L.L
N03AX14	LEVETIRACETAM BIOGARAN	G	Levetiracetam - 1000mg	1000mg	Tablet, coated, scored	3,191,626 L.L
N05CM18	PROXIDA	G	Dexmedetomidine HCl - 200mcg/2ml	200mcg/2ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	1,771,184 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Metered dose spray	147,823 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	178,731 L.L
A10BB12	DIAMERIL	G	Glimepiride - 1mg	1mg	Tablet	130,545 L.L
B05BB01	LR	G	Sodium lactate - 0.3g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml		Injectable solution	234,862 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A	G	Hemodialytics, concentrates -		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	TORANS	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	716,716 L.L
J01AA08	VULGA XR	G	Minocycline - 55mg	55mg	Tablet, film coated	1,983,512 L.L
J05AH02	VIRIFLU	G	Oseltamivir - 75mg	75mg	Capsule	1,371,615 L.L
L01EA01	IMATINIB GP PHARM	G	Imatinib - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, coated	26,083,945 L.L
L02BB03	BICALUTAMIDE ACCORD	G	Bicalutamide - 50mg	50mg	Tablet, film coated	1,382,814 L.L
M01AB16	ACECLOFAR	G	Aceclofenac - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	131,697 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL	G	Lidocaine HCl - 2%	2%	Injectable solution	1,787,950 L.L
N03AX14	LEVIPHAR	G	Levetiracetam - 1000mg	1000mg	Tablet, film coated	2,212,861 L.L
N05CM18	DEXMEDETOMIDINE EVER PHARMA	G	Dexmedetomidine HCl - 400mcg/4ml	400mcg/4ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	15,543,897 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	145,135 L.L
R06AE07	RINALGIT	G	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Drops solution	237,860 L.L
L04AX04	LENOMA	G	Lenalidomide - 10mg	10mg	Capsule, hard	L.L
A03BB01	? HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE	G	Hyoscine butylbromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	70,392 L.L