Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L01XX41	HALAVEN	B	Eribulin mesylate - 0.88mg/2ml	0.88mg/2ml	Injectable solution	L.L
A10AB04	PROLOG	BioTech	Insulin lispro - 100U/ml	100U/ml	Injectable solution	2,126,343 L.L
B03AC	FER PANPHARMA	G	Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable solution	2,315,441 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
L04AB01	ENBREL	BioTech	Etanercept - 50mg	50mg	Injectable solution	52,197,598 L.L
A10AB04	PROLOG	BioTech	Insulin lispro - 100U/ml	100U/ml	Injectable solution	883,480 L.L
B03AC	FER PANPHARMA	G	Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable solution	2,315,441 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
L04AB01	ERELZI	BioTech	Etanercept - 50mg	50mg	Injectable solution	56,780,638 L.L
B03AC	FEROMAX	G	Iron trivalent (hydroxide sucrose complex) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable solution	2,213,309 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
L04AB01	ERELZI	BioTech	Etanercept - 50mg	50mg	Injectable solution	39,269,439 L.L
B03AC	FERRASIL	G	Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable solution	2,194,047 L.L
L04AB01	ALTEBREL	BioTech	Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml	25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	27,383,989 L.L
L04AB04	HUMIRA	BioTech	Adalimumab - 40mg/0.4ml	40mg/0.4ml	Injectable solution	L.L
A10AB05	NOVORAPID FLEXPEN	BioTech	Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	3,123,090 L.L
L04AB01	ENBREL	BioTech	Etanercept - 25mg	25mg	Injectable solution	28,768,353 L.L
A10AB05	NOVORAPID FLEXPEN	BioTech	Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	3,123,090 L.L
B03AC	FERINJECT	B	Iron trivalent (ferric carboxymaltose) - 500mg/10ml	500mg/10ml	Injectable solution	10,212,033 L.L
B05XA01	CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN	G	Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml	7.46%	Injectable solution	385,683 L.L
L04AB01	ERELZI	BioTech	Etanercept - 25mg	25mg	Injectable solution	24,770,928 L.L
N05AF05	CLOPIXOL DEPOT	B	Zuclopenthixol decanoate - 200mg/ml	200mg/ml	Injectable solution	512,004 L.L
A10AB05	NOVORAPID FLEXPEN	BioTech	Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	3,123,090 L.L
B05XA01	POTASSIUM CHLORIDE	G	Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml	7.46g/100ml	Injectable solution	2,822,386 L.L
L04AB01	ETANERREL	BioTech	Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml	25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	5,085,100 L.L
N05AF05	CLOPIXOL ACUPHASE	B	Zuclopenthixol acetate - 100mg/2ml	100mg/2ml	Injectable solution	857,372 L.L
A10AB06	APIDRA SOLOSTAR	BioTech	Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	3,942,834 L.L
B05XA01	POTASSIUM CHLORIDE	G	Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml	7.46g/100ml	Injectable solution	663,077 L.L
L04AB01	ETANERREL	BioTech	Etanercept - 50mg/ml	50mg/ml	Injectable solution	9,756,719 L.L
A10AB06	APIDRA	BioTech	Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	2,221,372 L.L