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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
L02BA03 FASLODEX B Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 205,703 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 268,908 L.L
B05CX01 7.5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose monohydrate - 7.5% 7.5g/100ml Injectable solution 202,256 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Injectable solution 2,218,684 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
N04BC07 DACEPTON G Apomorphine HCl - 30mg/3ml 30mg/3ml Injectable solution 13,404,432 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Injectable solution 4,219,665 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 179,456 L.L
N04BC07 DACEPTON G Apomorphine HCl Hemihydrate - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 12,678,532 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml 250mg Injectable solution 482,439 L.L
B05CX01 GLUCOSE INJ. G Glucose - 10g/20ml 50% Injectable solution 5,038,066 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 33g/100ml 33g/100ml Injectable solution 287,295 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 33g/100ml 33g/100ml Injectable solution 312,577 L.L
L01FX04 YERVOY BioTech Ipilimumab - 50mg/10ml 50mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 50g/100ml 50g/100ml Injectable solution 329,815 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 807,874 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,441,943 L.L
B02BX06 HEMLIBRA BioTech Emicizumab - 60mg/0.4ml 60mg/0.4ml Injectable solution 441,042,377 L.L
B05D PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION WITH 4 1/4% DEXTROSE G Sodium lactate - 0.392g%, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.0257g%, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.0153g%, Sodium chloride - 0.567g%, Dextrose, H2O - 4.25g% Injectable solution 498,744 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,732,213 L.L
L01FF02 KEYTRUDA BioTech Pembrolizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable solution L.L
B02BX06 HEMLIBRA BioTech Emicizumab - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 224,585,721 L.L
B05D PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION WITH 1 1/2% DEXTROSE G Sodium lactate - 0.392g%, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.0257g%, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.0153g%, Sodium chloride - 0.567g%, Dextrose, H2O - 1.5g% Injectable solution 490,807 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3% 3% Injectable solution 2,576,146 L.L
L04AA33 ENTYVIO BioTech Vedolizumab - 108mg 108mg Injectable solution 88,955,869 L.L
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