Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L03AX16	REVIXIL 20	G	Plerixafor - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	248,280,900 L.L
N02AX02	TRAMADOL ARROW	G	Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml	100mg/2ml	Injectable solution	318,491 L.L
A10BX16	MOUNJARO KWIKPEN	B	Tirzepatide - 12.5mg/dose	12.5mg/dose	Injectable solution	39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	171,228 L.L
J01MA12	TAVANIC 500MG	B	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	1,988,887 L.L
M01AE03	HUMFINE	G	Ketoprofen - 100mg/2ml	100mg/2ml	Injectable solution	3,514,148 L.L
N02AX02	TRAMADOL NORMON	G	Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml	100mg/2ml	Injectable solution	169,324 L.L
A10BX16	MOUNJARO KWIKPEN	B	Tirzepatide - 15mg/dose	15mg/dose	Injectable solution	39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
J01MA12	EVOXIL HELLAS	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	959,504 L.L
L03AB11	PEGASYS	BioTech	Peginterferon alfa-2a - 180mcg/0.5ml	180mcg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	L.L
B05CX01	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	171,228 L.L
J01MA12	LEVOFLOXACIN COOPER	G	Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	959,504 L.L
B05CX01	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	193,062 L.L
J01MA12	LEVOFLOXACIN- HAMELN	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	5mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,632,769 L.L
M01AE03	KETOPROFENE MACOPHARMA	G	Ketoprofen - 100mg/100ml	100mg/100ml	Injectable solution	329,241 L.L
N03AX18	VIMPAT	B	Lacosamide - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Injectable solution	13,225,715 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	186,167 L.L
J01MA12	LEVOFLOXACIN NORMON	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	5mg/ml	Injectable solution	27,147,388 L.L
N03AX18	TREPADIO	G	Lacosamide - 200mg/20ml	200mg/20ml	Injectable solution	9,569,390 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	186,167 L.L
J01MA12	LEVOFLOXACINA BASI	G	Levofloxacin - 5mg/ml	5mg/ml	Injectable solution	56,572,950 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	205,703 L.L
J01MA12	LEVOFLOX-MEDIS 500	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	1,834,345 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
J01MA12	LOXAMOX	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	747,176 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	268,908 L.L
J01DB04	HIKMA CEFAZOLIN	G	Cefazolin (sodium) - 1g	1,000mg	Injectable solution	215,015 L.L
J01MA12	PILOQ	G	Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	980,365 L.L
B02BX01	DICYNONE	B	Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml	250mg	Injectable solution	482,439 L.L