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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE-ORBUCELL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 3,839,550 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
J01MA12 LEVOFLOXACINA BASI G Levofloxacin - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 56,572,950 L.L
L03AB07 REBIF BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml 12MIU Injectable solution L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
J01MA12 LEVOFLOX-MEDIS 500 G Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 1,834,345 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 2.5mg/dose 2.5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
J01MA12 LOXAMOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 747,176 L.L
M01AE17 KETESSE B Dexketoprofen (trometamol) - 50mg/2ml 50mg/2ml Injectable solution 435,405 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 5mg/dose 5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
J01MA12 PILOQ G Levofloxacin - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 980,365 L.L
M01AE17 DEXIREN G Dexketoprofen - 50mg/2ml 50mg/2ml Injectable solution 467,657 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 7.5mg/dose 7.5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
J01DB04 HIKMA CEFAZOLIN G Cefazolin (sodium) - 1g 1,000mg Injectable solution 215,015 L.L
J01MA12 VLOFINOX G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 814,369 L.L
M01AE17 NORMODEX G Dexketoprofen (trometamol) - 50mg/2ml 50mg/2ml Injectable solution 329,241 L.L
L01FE01 ERBITUX BioTech Cetuximab - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 10mg/dose 10mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE INJECTION 5% G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 212,797 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 12.5mg/dose 12.5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 15mg/dose 15mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
J06BA02 KIOVIG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 5g/50ml 5g/50ml Injectable solution L.L
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