Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L03AA13	NEULASTIM	BioTech	Pegfilgrastim - 6mg/0.6ml	6mg/0.6ml	Injectable solution	56,925,965 L.L
M01AE01	IBUPROFEN B. BRAUN	G	Ibuprofen - 400mg/100ml	400mg/100ml	Injectable solution	231,141 L.L
N02AF02	NALBUPHINE RENAUDIN 1%	G	Nalbuphine HCl - 20mg/2ml	20mg/2ml	Injectable solution	1,181,238 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	148,244 L.L
J07AL01	PNEUMOVAX 23	B	Polysaccharides from each of 23 capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae - 25mcgx23serotypes/0.5ml		Injectable solution	2,378,601 L.L
L03AA13	ZIEXTENZO	BioTech	Pegfilgrastim - 6mg	6mg	Injectable solution	41,050,549 L.L
M01AE01	? IBUPROFEN	G	Ibuprofen - 400mg/100ml	400mg/100ml	Injectable solution	383,955 L.L
A10BJ02	SAXENDA	BioTech	Liraglutide - 6mg/ml	6mg/ml	Injectable solution	16,747,035 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	148,244 L.L
A10BJ05	TRULICITY	BioTech	Dulaglutide - 0.75mg/0.5ml	0.75mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	10,165,201 L.L
B01AX05	ARIXTRA	B	Fondaparinux sodium - 2.5mg/0.5ml	2.5mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	5,341,774 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	159,736 L.L
L03AB07	BLASTOFERON	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg	44mcg	Injectable solution	55,847,685 L.L
A10BJ05	TRULICITY	BioTech	Dulaglutide - 1.5mg/0.5ml	1.5mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	10,165,201 L.L
B01AX05	ARIXTRA	B	Fondaparinux sodium - 7.5mg/0.6ml	7.5mg/0.6ml	Injectable solution	12,004,668 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	179,272 L.L
L03AB07	REBIF	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml	12MIU	Injectable solution	79,337,698 L.L
A10BJ05	TRULICITY	BioTech	Dulaglutide - 3mg/0.5ml	3mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	10,165,201 L.L
B02AA02	EXACYL	B	Tranexamic acid - 500mg/5ml	500mg/5ml	Injectable solution	748,520 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	191,913 L.L
L03AB07	RECIGEN 44	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml	44mcg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	15,147,973 L.L
A10BJ05	TRULICITY	BioTech	Dulaglutide - 4.5mg	4.5mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	10,165,201 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	191,913 L.L
L03AB07	BLASTOFERON	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 22mcg	22mcg	Injectable solution	40,725,735 L.L
M01AE01	IBUPROFEN B. BRAUN	G	Ibuprofen - 200mg/50ml	200mg/50ml	Injectable solution	161,261 L.L
A10BJ06	OZEMPIC	B	Semaglutide - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable solution	10,927,526 L.L
B05CX01	5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	208,002 L.L
J07AP03	TYPHIM VI	B	Salmonella typhi polysaccharides - 0.025mg/0.5ml	0.025mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	1,118,077 L.L
L03AB07	AVONEX	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 30mcg/0.5ml	30mcg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	70,488,764 L.L
M01AE01	IBUPROFEN B. BRAUN	G	Ibuprofen - 600mg/100ml	600mg/100ml	Injectable solution	550,975 L.L