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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM HAMELN G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 529,474 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTINE BIOGARAN G Ivermectin - 3mg 3mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
R06AB52 HISTAMED-F G Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Dexamethasone - 0.25mg, Fluphenazine HCl - 0.25mg Tablet, coated 579,772 L.L
V07AB01 ARWAN WFI G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 399,915 L.L
A06AA01 HUILE DE PARAFFINE G Liquid paraffin - Liquid 207,336 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 579,064 L.L
C09AA05 TRILTEC G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Capsule 447,948 L.L
C10AA05 APO-ATORVASTATIN G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 889,624 L.L
G03XC01 RALOXIFENE ARROW G Raloxifene HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet, coated 1,425,817 L.L
J01CA04 OSPAMOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 223,078 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 693,423 L.L
L01EA02 ELPIDA G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 127,364,905 L.L
M01AB15 ALGIKEY G Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 873,498 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE ARWAN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,995,158 L.L
N03AX14 LEPITAM G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet 1,100,671 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM NORMON. G Midazolam - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 618,168 L.L
P02CF01 IVER G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 431,373 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJ. G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 3,385,139 L.L
A10BD19 EMPAGLINE G Empagliflozin - 10mg, Linagliptin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 2,237,050 L.L
B01AE07 DAXATRAN G Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 110mg 110mg Capsule, hard 2,576,338 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 613,662 L.L
C01EB15 CARMETADIN G Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 631,606 L.L
C10AA05 ASCOVA G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 1,126,268 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXYDIL G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Powder for suspension 218,854 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYNE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 237,860 L.L
L01EA02 APO-DASATINIB G Dasatinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet 57,771,855 L.L
L02BB04 ENZASTIK 40 G Enzalutamide - 40mg 40mg Capsule 82,838,963 L.L
M01AB15 KETO-AVI G Ketorolac tromethamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 106,164 L.L
N01BB02 ? 1% LIDOCAINE HCL USP G Lidocaine HCl - 1% 1% Injectable solution 76,791 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW LAB G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,441,762 L.L
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