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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D01AC01 CANESTEN B Clotrimazole - 0.01g/ml 0.01g/ml Solution 368,213 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/ml 200mg/ml Solution 360,150 L.L
S02AA15 SEPTOCIPRO OTICO B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 1mg/0.5ml 1mg/0.5ml Solution 473,033 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 300mg/ml 300mg/ml Solution 1,018,633 L.L
H02AB06 PEDIACORT G Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Solution 417,231 L.L
H02AB06 PREDOXONE G Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Solution 417,231 L.L
H02AB06 XILONE FORTE G Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Solution 413,903 L.L
D01AE15 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/ml 1% Solution 506,629 L.L
D01AE15 TERAFAN G Terbinafine HCl - 1% 1% Solution 355,798 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 2 x 100IR ou IC/ml Solution 8,449,319 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 300 IR ou IC/ml Solution 6,598,267 L.L
A13A POTENCIATOR G Arginine Aspartate - 5g/10ml 5g Solution 1,402,972 L.L
D01AE22 EXODERIL B Naftifine HCl - 10ml/ml 1% Solution 159,917 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 10-100-100 IR ou IC/ml 10-100-100 IR ou IC/ml Solution 9,129,688 L.L
A15 DESARROL G Cyproheptadine HCl - 0.2mg/ml, L-Arginine L-Aspartate - 25mg/ml, L-Carnitine - 50mg/ml Solution 1,007,882 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 10-300 IR ou IC/ml 10-300 IR ou IC/ml Solution 7,206,963 L.L
A15A DYNAMOGEN G Arginine Aspartate - 1g/10ml, Glutodine (Cyproheptadine ?-ketoglutarate) - 3mg/10ml Solution 1,019,976 L.L
D02AF VERRUFILM G Lactic acid - 16.7%, Salicylic acid - 16.7% Solution 861,403 L.L
H05BA01 MIACALCIC 200 UI/ACTUATION B Calcitonin (salmon synthetic) - 200IU/actuation 200IU/actuation Solution 5,399,559 L.L
D04AA32 HISTAFEN G Diphenhydramine HCl - 2% 2% Solution 362,837 L.L
R05X ACTISOUFRE B Sulfure de Sodium - 13mg, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae - 500mg Solution 740,457 L.L
C08CA05 NIFE-PAR G Nifedipine - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Solution 36,667,942 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 260,705 L.L
N03AX14 LEPITAM G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,336,163 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,639,488 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETRIMED G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,336,163 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05% 0.05% Solution 260,705 L.L
N03AX14 LEVIPRAM G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,285,609 L.L
R06AE07 ZYRTEC B Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 5mg/5ml Solution 278,175 L.L
R06AE07 CETIMED G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Solution 415,951 L.L
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