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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 693,423 L.L
J01CA04 OSPAMOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 223,078 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYNE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 237,860 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXYDIL G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Powder for suspension 218,854 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 258,018 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROMAX B Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 300mg/7.5ml 300mg/7.5ml Powder for suspension 489,159 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml 156.25mg/5ml Powder for suspension 302,365 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml 156mg/5ml Powder for suspension 159,917 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 62.5mg/5ml 312.5mg/5ml Powder for suspension 542,912 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 62.5mg/5ml 312mg/5ml Powder for suspension 288,926 L.L
J01CR02 MOXICLAV FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 62.5mg/5ml 312.5mg/5ml Powder for suspension 298,333 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 200mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 28.5mg/5ml 228.5mg/5ml Powder for suspension 345,368 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 524,099 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57.1mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 278,175 L.L
J01CR02 JULMENTIN 2X G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 278,175 L.L
J01CR02 KLAVOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 278,175 L.L
J01CR02 MOXICLAV BIS G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 287,582 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN ES B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 846,621 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 507,972 L.L
J01CR02 BETAMOX ES G Amoxicillin - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid - 42.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 592,635 L.L
J01CR02 JULMENTIN ES G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 507,972 L.L
M01AE01 ALGIFAST 400 B Ibuprofen Lysine - 400mg 400mg Powder for suspension 473,033 L.L
J01CR02 MEGAMOX-JPI ES G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 600mg Powder for suspension 507,972 L.L
S02CA06 AURICULARUM G Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 10mg, Nystatin - 1,000,000IU, Oxytetracycline HCl - 90,000IU, Polymyxin B sulfate - 100,000IU Powder for suspension + solvent 755,239 L.L
J01FA10 AZOMYCIN G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension + solvent 365,525 L.L
N06AB03 PROZAC B Fluoxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Pulvule 907,094 L.L
R03BA02 BUDECORT G Budesonide - 1mg 1mg Respule 1,226,928 L.L
G02BA NUVARING B Etonogestrel - 0.12mg/day, Ethinylestradiol - 0.015mg/day Ring 1,052,229 L.L
R03BB04 TIOVA-T G Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 18mcg 18mcg Rotacaps 384,339 L.L
P03AB02 GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE G Lindane - 1% 1% Shampoo 195,817 L.L
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