Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
R06AX27	DESLORATADINE ARROW	G	Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Solution	249,955 L.L
D10AD01	TRETINOIN	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%	0.025%	Solution	564,414 L.L
R06AX27	DESLORATADINE ARROW	G	Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Solution	256,674 L.L
D10AD01	TRETINOIN	G	Tretinoin - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	682,160 L.L
R06AX27	ORADUS	G	Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Solution	199,657 L.L
R06AX29	LABIXTEN	B	Bilastine - 2.5mg/ml	2.5mg/ml	Solution	463,626 L.L
D10AF01	MEDACIN T	G	Clindamycin (phosphate) - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Solution	314,459 L.L
D10AF02	MED-ERYTHROMYCIN 4%	G	Erythromycin - 40mg/ml	4%	Solution	235,492 L.L
D10AF02	ERYTHROMYCIN 1.5 %	G	Erythromycin - 15mg/ml	1.5 %	Solution	501,701 L.L
A11CC05	OSTEODYN VITAMINE D3	G	Vitamin D3 - 100000IU/2ml	100000IU/2ml	Solution	618,168 L.L
B03AB09	FERPLEX	B	Iron trivalent (ferric proteinsuccinylate) - 800mg	800mg	Solution	1,202,739 L.L
N06AX27	SPRAVATO	B	Esketamine - 28mg/device	28mg/device	Solution	25,122,440 L.L
A11CC05	CHOLECALCIFEROL BIOGARAN	G	Vitamin D3 - 100,000UI/2ml	100,000UI	Solution	115,570 L.L
N06AX27	SPRAVATO	B	Esketamine (HCl) - 28mg	28mg/device	Solution	66,978,978 L.L
A11CC05	ORAVIL	G	Vitamin D3 - 100,000IU/2ml	100,000IU	Solution	618,168 L.L
D11AF	VERRUMAL	B	Fluorouracil - 0.5g/100g, Salicylic acid - 10g/100g		Solution	529,474 L.L
N06AX27	SPRAVATO	B	Esketamine (HCl) - 28mg	28mg/device	Solution	44,561,381 L.L
S01BA07	OPTILONE	G	Fluorometholone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	309,084 L.L
A11CC05	D-CURE	G	Vitamin D3 - 25,000IU	25,000IU	Solution	467,657 L.L
A11CC05	DIBASE	G	Vitamin D3 - 50000IU/2.5ml	50,000IU/2.5ml	Solution	755,239 L.L
B03AE10	TOT'HEMA	B	Copper (gluconate) - 0.70mg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 1.33mg/10ml, Iron (gluconate) - 50mg/10ml		Solution	604,729 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 20mg/ml	2%	Solution	532,162 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 2%	2%	Solution	532,162 L.L
D11AX01	MINOXIDIL BAILLEUL	G	Minoxidil - 2%	2%	Solution	2,839,539 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 50mg/ml	5%	Solution	896,343 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	896,343 L.L
D11AX01	HAIRGAINE 5	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	1,963,354 L.L
D11AX01	HAIRGROW	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	1,061,636 L.L
N02BE01	EFFERALGAN	B	Paracetamol - 3%	3%	Solution	163,949 L.L
D11AX01	MINOXIDIL BAILLEUL	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	3,675,409 L.L