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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N06AA21 MEFIDIOMIL B Maprotiline - 75mg 75mg Tablet, sugar coated 958,608 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 598,010 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 2,131,334 L.L
N03AX16 GABRIKA 75 G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 793,507 L.L
N03AX16 GALICA 75 G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 338,648 L.L
N03AX16 NERVAX G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 513,348 L.L
N03AX16 NEUREXAL G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 335,577 L.L
N03AX16 NEUREXAL G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 637,365 L.L
N03AX16 PLENICA G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 697,454 L.L
N03AX16 PMS-PREGABALIN G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 1,776,560 L.L
N03AX16 PREGABADOR G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 364,181 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 75 G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 793,507 L.L
N03AX16 PREGASTAR G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 628,482 L.L
B01AE07 PRADAXA B Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 3,205,064 L.L
B01AE07 PRADAXA B Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 1,603,204 L.L
B01AE07 DAXATRAN G Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 2,576,338 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 75 G Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 168,011,222 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
G03AC09 CERAZETTE B Desogestrel - 75mcg 75mcg Tablet, film coated 407,184 L.L
G03GA02 MENO-CLAIR HP-HMG BioHuman Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Highly purified - 75IU 75IU Injectable powder for solution + solution 1,045,509 L.L
G03GA02 MENOPUR BioHuman Menotropin - 75IU 75IU Injectable concentrated powder for solution+diluent 16,864,077 L.L
G03GA02 MERIONAL HG BioHuman Menotropin - 75IU 75IU Injectable powder + solvent 24,771,315 L.L
G03GA04 FOSTIMON BioHuman Urofollitropin - 75IU 75IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 15,744,000 L.L
L01XX24 ONCASPAR B Pegaspargase - 750U/ml 750U/ml Injectable powder for solution 172,758,585 L.L
L01XX24 ONCASPAR B Pegaspargase - 750U/ml 750U/ml Injectable powder for solution L.L
P02CB01 PIPERAZINE CITRATE G Piperazine citrate - 750mg/5ml 750mg/5ml Elixir 113,907 L.L
J01DC02 AXETINE G Cefuroxime sodium - 750mg 750mg Injectable powder for solution 1,193,332 L.L
J01DC02 CEFUMAX G Cefuroxime (sodium) - 750mg 750mg Injectable dry powder 159,917 L.L
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