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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX16 PLENICA G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 697,454 L.L
N03AX16 PMS-PREGABALIN G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 1,776,560 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
N03AX16 PREGABADOR G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 364,181 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 75 G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 793,507 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 75 G Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 168,011,222 L.L
N03AX16 PREGASTAR G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 628,482 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
N06AX16 EFEXOR XR B Venlafaxine (HCl) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, sustained release 732,394 L.L
N06AX16 DEFAXINE G Venlafaxine (HCl) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 724,395 L.L
N06AX16 DEPREVIX HELLAS G Venlafaxine - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 564,414 L.L
N06AX16 DEPREVIX HELLAS G Venlafaxine - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 564,414 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP G Venlafaxine - 75mg 75mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,075,074 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE BIOGARAN LP G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 584,571 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 895,895 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
L04AC18 SKYRIZI BioTech Risankizumab - 75mg 75mg Injectable solution 194,911,251 L.L
B03XA06 REBLOZYL BioTech Luspatercept - 75mg 75mg Injectable powder for solution 377,881,318 L.L
N07CA02 CINARIN G Cinnarizine - 75mg 75mg Capsule 490,183 L.L
N07CA02 CINNARIZINE G Cinnarizine - 75mg 75mg Capsule 386,515 L.L
R05CB06 MUCOSOLVAN LA B Ambroxol HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule 345,368 L.L
R05CB06 SOLVAMUC SR G Ambroxol - 75mg 75mg Capsule 276,448 L.L
B01AC04 PLAVIX B Clopidogrel (hydrogenosulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,350,562 L.L
B01AC04 PLAVIX B Clopidogrel (hydrogenosulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,350,562 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 75mg 75mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 14,659,577 L.L
B01AC04 AGGRIX 75 G Clopidogrel besylate - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,204,083 L.L
B01AC04 ANTIPLEX G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,295,464 L.L
B01AC04 APO-CLOPIDOGREL G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate), - 75mg 75mg Tablet 911,125 L.L
B01AC04 CERUVIN G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet 240,548 L.L
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