Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
A04AA01	NOZAMET	G	Ondansetron - 4mg	4mg	Film, orodispersible	3,234,181 L.L
G04BE08	AMOS	G	Tadalafil - 20mg	20mg	Film, orodispersible	2,175,745 L.L
G04BE08	AMOS	G	Tadalafil - 10mg	10mg	Film, orodispersible	1,662,781 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	1,370,719 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	3,090,838 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g		Gauze	1,463,444 L.L
A01AB09	DAKTARIN ORAL	B	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	377,620 L.L
A01AB09	MICONAZ	G	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	229,093 L.L
A01AB09	MICOZOLE	G	Miconazole - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	104,820 L.L
A01AB09	MYCOHEAL	G	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	210,983 L.L
D10AD03	DIFADERM	G	Adapalene - 0.1%	0.1%	Gel	414,671 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Gel	503,941 L.L
D10AD03	DIFADERM	G	Adapalene - 0.3%	0.3%	Gel	952,208 L.L
D10AD04	ROACCUTANE	B	Isotretinoin - 0.05%	0.05%	Gel	932,627 L.L
D10AD51	ERYLIK	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%, Erythromycin - 4%		Gel	378,964 L.L
D10AD51	RETINOMYCIN	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%, Erythromycin - 4%		Gel	662,962 L.L
M02AA07	PIROXICALM	G	Piroxicam - 0.5%	0.5%	Gel	207,336 L.L
D10AD51	CLINIDERM T	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	801,186 L.L
M02AA10	FASTUM	B	Ketoprofen - 2.5g/100g	2.5%	Gel	177,387 L.L
D10AD51	MEDCLINIDERM-T	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	801,186 L.L
M02AA10	FASTUM	B	Ketoprofen - 2.5g/100g	2.5%	Gel	337,304 L.L
D10AD51	CLINIDERM T	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	890,776 L.L
M02AA10	ACHONID GEL	G	Ketoprofen - 2.5%	2.5%	Gel	179,179 L.L
D10AD51	MEDCLINIDERM-T	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%		Gel	890,776 L.L
D10AD53	EPIDUO	B	Adapalene - 0.1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5%		Gel	2,088,331 L.L
D10AD53	EPIDUO FORTE	B	Adapalene - 0.3%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5%		Gel	2,201,214 L.L
M02AA15	DICLOGESIC	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Gel	135,728 L.L
D10AE01	BENZAC AC	G	Benzoyl peroxide - 10g/100g	10%	Gel	416,591 L.L
D10AE01	BENZAC AC	G	Benzoyl peroxide - 5g/100g	5%	Gel	388,370 L.L
M02AA15	LOCAGEL	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Gel	223,078 L.L