Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D06BA51	SILVEZ PLUS	G	Silver sulfadiazine - , Chlorhexidine -		Cream	349,399 L.L
D06BB03	CIVAR	G	Aciclovir - 5%	5%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D06BB03	CYCLOVEX	G	Aciclovir - 50mg/g	50mg/g	Cream	267,489 L.L
D06BB10	ALDARA	B	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	6,301,277 L.L
D06BB10	GENIMOD	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	2,268,406 L.L
D06BB10	JEDARA	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	3,850,109 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%		Cream	833,182 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
N01BB54	EMLA	B	Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g	5%	Cream	1,763,121 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
N01BB54	PRILA	G	Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w		Cream	1,057,604 L.L
D07AC01	BETASONE	G	Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	120,306 L.L
M02AA15	CLOFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Creamagel	210,983 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Drops	181,419 L.L
A11A	BEBE-VIT	G	Vitamin A - 1500IU/ml, Vitamin D3 - 400IU/ml, Vitamin E - 5mg/ml, Vitamin C - 40mg/ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.5mg/ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.6mg/ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.6mg/ml, Nicotinamide - 8mg/ml		Drops	287,582 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	169,324 L.L
S01AA13	FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS	B	Fusidic acid - 10mg/g	1%	Drops	373,588 L.L
S01AA13	OPTIFUCIN VISCOUS	G	Fusidic acid - 1%	1%	Drops	208,296 L.L
B03AA07	PEDIAFER	G	Ferrous (sulfate) - 15mg/ml	15mg/ml	Drops	550,975 L.L
S01AE02	NAFLOX	G	Norfloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops	370,901 L.L
B03AB05	ENRICH N	G	Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose complex) - 50mg/ml	50mg/ml	Drops	459,594 L.L
S01AE07	AROX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	423,310 L.L
S01AE07	IMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	464,970 L.L
A11CC05	VIDROP	G	Vitamin D3 - 100IU/drop	100IU/drop	Drops	346,711 L.L
S01BC01	INDOCOLLYRE	B	Indometacine - 5mg/5ml	0.1%	Drops	408,528 L.L
S01ED51	EPISOPT	G	Timolol - 5mg, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg		Drops	575,165 L.L
S01ED51	LOPROSTAN	G	Timolol - 5mg/ml, Latanoprost - 50?g/ml		Drops	768,678 L.L