Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
G01AF04	MYCODERM-V	G	Miconazole nitrate - 2%	2%	Cream	361,494 L.L
D01AC01	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.01g/g	0.01g/g	Cream	344,024 L.L
D01AC02	DAKTARIN	B	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Cream	231,141 L.L
D01AC03	ECONAZ	G	Econazole nitrate - 1%	1%	Cream	307,164 L.L
D01AC12	LOMEXIN	B	Fenticonazole nitrate - 2g/100g	2%	Cream	729,154 L.L
D01AC14	DERMOFIX	B	Sertaconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	2%	Cream	382,995 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 1%	1%	Cream	284,895 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	616,824 L.L
D01AE15	LAMIFEN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	321,178 L.L
D01AE15	LAMINOX	G	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	453,067 L.L
D01AE15	TERAFAN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	499,142 L.L
D01AE15	TERMINUS	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	747,176 L.L
D01AE22	EXODERIL	B	Naftifine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	345,368 L.L
D03AX	BEPANTHEN PLUS	B	Chlorhexidine HCl - 5mg/g, Dexpanthenol - 50mg/g		Cream	319,835 L.L
G03CA03	MONTADIOL	G	Estradiol - 0.01%	0.01%	Cream	1,105,982 L.L
D04AA32	DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1%		Cream	560,382 L.L
D04AA32	HISTERGAN	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 2%	2%	Cream	546,944 L.L
D06AX01	FUCIDIN	B	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g	2%	Cream	259,362 L.L
D06AX01	FUCIDIN CREAM	B	Fusidic acid - 2%	2%	Cream	491,846 L.L
D06AX01	FUCIDIN CREAM	B	Fusidic acid - 2%	2%	Cream	345,368 L.L
D06AX01	ACIDE FUSIDIQUE BGR	G	Fusidic acid - 2%	2%	Cream	202,920 L.L
D06AX01	DERMICIN	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Cream	175,339 L.L
D06AX01	DERMOFUCIN	G	Fusidic acid - 2%	2%	Cream	290,270 L.L
D06AX01	FUTASOLE	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g	2%	Cream	145,135 L.L
D06AX01	ZETA	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Cream	178,731 L.L
D06BA01	SILVEDERMA	G	Silver sulfadiazine - 1%	10mg/g	Cream	1,220,209 L.L
D06BA01	SILVEDERMA	G	Silver sulfadiazine - 1%	10mg/g	Cream	494,534 L.L
D06BA02	CREM-O-SULFA	G	Sulfathiazole - 5%	5%	Cream	202,216 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g		Cream	1,064,323 L.L
D06BA51	HYALO4 PLUS	G	Hyaluronic acid (sodium) - 0.2%, Silver sulfadiazine - 1%		Cream	466,313 L.L