Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g	Cream	1,064,323 L.L
G03HB01	DIANE '35'	B	Ethinylestradiol - 0.035mg, Cyproterone acetate - 2mg	Tablet	494,534 L.L
N02AJ13	ZALDIAR	B	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol - 37.5mg	Tablet, film coated	404,497 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
C09DX04	ENTRESTO	B	Valsartan - 103mg, Sacubitril - 97mg	Tablet, film coated	11,674,240 L.L
D06BA51	HYALO4 PLUS	G	Hyaluronic acid (sodium) - 0.2%, Silver sulfadiazine - 1%	Cream	466,313 L.L
N02AJ13	TRAMADOL/PARACETAMOL ARROW LAB	G	Tramadol - 37.5mg, Paracetamol - 325mg	Tablet, coated	205,608 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g	Gauze	1,463,444 L.L
N02AJ13	MOLCET	G	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol - 37.5mg	Tablet	317,403 L.L
R03AK06	SERETIDE DISKUS 100	B	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/inhalation	Inhalation powder	2,276,469 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
D06BA51	SILVEZ PLUS	G	Silver sulfadiazine - , Chlorhexidine -	Cream	349,399 L.L
G04B	FONCITRIL 4000	B	Citric acid - 1.189g, Potassium Citrate - 1.73g, Sodium citrate - 1.845g	Granules	1,613,955 L.L
N02AJ13	ALGODOL	G	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol HCl - 37.5mg	Capsule	317,403 L.L
R03AK06	PROPIONATE DE FLUTICASONE/ SALMETEROL ARROW	G	Salmeterol - 50mcg/dose, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/dose	Inhalation powder	1,593,797 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
J01CR02	VAAMOX IV	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg	Injectable powder	225,766 L.L
N02AJ14	LENIZAK	B	Tramadol HCl - 75mg, Dexketoprofen - 25mg	Tablet, film coated	494,534 L.L
R03AK06	FLUDALT DUO	G	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg	Capsule, inhalation	1,618,783 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml	Injectable solution	226,388 L.L
J01CR02	VAAMOX IV	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg	Injectable powder	2,150,148 L.L
R03AK06	SERETIDE DISKUS 250	B	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg/inhalation	Inhalation powder	2,830,132 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	205,933 L.L
J01CR02	AMOXICLAV-ORBUCELL	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 0.2g	Injectable powder for solution	7,433,691 L.L
R03AK06	FLUDALT DUO	G	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg	Capsule, inhalation	2,265,479 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
R03AK06	SERETIDE DISKUS 500	B	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg/inhalation	Inhalation powder	3,723,788 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	193,062 L.L
R03AK06	SEROFLO 500	G	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg/inhalation	Inhalation suspension	2,031,890 L.L