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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN PERIPHERAL G Glucose monohydrate - 143mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 4,571,752 L.L
C07BB07 CONCOR PLUS B Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 854,276 L.L
C09DB01 LOTEVAN G Amlodipine - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
R05C SULDEX G Caffein anyhdrous - 0.216g, Antipyrine - 0.972g, Potassium sulfaguaiacolate - 1.44g Syrup 152,302 L.L
A03CA02 LIBROCOL G Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg, Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg Tablet 338,648 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml Injectable solution 147,095 L.L
C07BB07 BISCORDEX PLUS G Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 723,115 L.L
C09DB01 POVAM G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
R05CA ASPECTON COUGH SYRUP G Thyme soft extract - 6.69g/100ml Syrup 588,603 L.L
A03CA02 PRIMAX G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet 222,694 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
C07BB07 BISOCOR 5 PLUS G Bisoprolol - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 678,321 L.L
C09DB01 VIOSTAN AM 160/5 G Amlodipine besylate - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 1,177,206 L.L
A03CA02 ULCEDEX G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet 222,694 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 236,731 L.L
C07BB07 PRESCOR 5 PLUS G Bisoprolol - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 678,321 L.L
C09DB01 EXFORGE B Amlodipine - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 1,333,092 L.L
A03CB01 RESTROPINAL PEDIATRIC B Butobarbital - 2mg/ml, Methyl hyoscine nitrate - 0.1mg/ml Drops 197,097 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86% Injectable solution 199,957 L.L
C07BB07 CONCOR PLUS B Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,202,314 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
A03DB04 PANADOL WOMAN B Paracetamol - 500mg, Hyoscine butylbromide - 10mg Tablet, coated 436,749 L.L
B05BB01 RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 189,615 L.L
C07BB12 NEBILET PLUS B Nebivolol HCl - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 716,268 L.L
C09DB01 ANGIOSAR G Amlodipine besylate - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
R05CA12 PROSPAN ACUTE EFFERVESCENT COUGH TABLETS B Dried Ivy leaf extract - 65mg Tablet, effervescent 479,752 L.L
A03E ACTICARBINE G Activated charcoal - 70mg, Papaverine HCl - 14mg Tablet, coated 311,771 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml Injectable solution 218,681 L.L
C07BB12 NEBILET PLUS B Nebivolol HCl - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 716,268 L.L
C09DB01 ARBITEN AM 10/160 G Amlodipine - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Caplet, film coated 857,372 L.L
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