Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
V07AB01	WATER FOR INJECTION	G	Water for Injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	2,706,319 L.L
B05BB01	RINGER'S INJECTION USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86%	Injectable solution	199,957 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D	G	Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
V07AB01	WATER FOR INJECTION	G	Water for Injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	2,032,899 L.L
B05BB01	RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l	Injectable solution	189,615 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
R06AD52	FLUISEDAL	G	Promethazine HCl - 2.5g/5ml, Meglumine benzoate - 130mg/5ml, Polysorbate 20 - 15mg/5ml	Syrup	393,746 L.L
V07AB01	WATER FOR INJECTION	G	Water for Injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	4,365,735 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	218,681 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F	G	Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	1,638,144 L.L
J01DH51	CELLABAXIN	G	Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg	Injectable solution	10,699,559 L.L
R06AD52	FLUISEDAL	G	Promethazine HCl - 2.5g/5ml, Meglumine benzoate - 130mg/5ml, Polysorbate 20 - 15mg/5ml	Syrup	550,821 L.L
V07AB01	WATER FOR INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Water for injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	1,339,811 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.02g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	239,275 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG	G	Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
J01DH51	CILANEM	G	Imipenem anhydrous - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg	Injectable solution	850,652 L.L
R06AD52	CODOPALM	G	Promethazine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium gentisate - 0.5mg/5ml	Syrup	149,742 L.L
V07AB01	WATER FOR INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Water for injection -	Water for injection, irrigation	1,103,295 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l	Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,540,044 L.L
J01DH51	IMILASTIN	G	Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg	Injectable powder for solution	5,869,189 L.L
B05BB01	LR	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	218,681 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
D04AX	CALAMINE PLUS	B	Diphenhydramine HCl - 0.25/100ml, Tetracaine HCl - 0.025/100ml, Zinc oxide - 8g/100ml, Calamine - 8g/100ml	Lotion	177,899 L.L