Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D06BB03	CYCLOVEX	G	Aciclovir - 50mg/g	50mg/g	Cream	267,489 L.L
D06BB10	ALDARA	B	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	6,301,277 L.L
D06BB10	GENIMOD	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	2,268,406 L.L
D06BB10	JEDARA	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	3,850,109 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%		Cream	833,182 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
D07AC01	BETASONE	G	Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	120,306 L.L
D07AC01	DIPROSONE	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05%	Cream	291,614 L.L
D07AC04	FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE	G	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.25mg/g	0.25mg/g	Cream	296,925 L.L
D07AC13	ELICA	G	Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	341,336 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	249,955 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	435,405 L.L
D07AC13	METASONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,321 L.L
D07AC13	XEMADERM	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,961 L.L
D07AC14	ADVANTAN	B	Methylprednisolone aceponate - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	385,683 L.L
D07AC14	PRENIDERM	G	Methylprednisolone aceponate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	312,283 L.L
D07AC18	PEITEL	B	Prednicarbate - 0.25%	0.25%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D07AD01	DERMOVATE	B	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05% w/w	Cream	290,270 L.L
D07AD01	CLOBEVAT	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
D07AD01	DECLOBAN	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
G01AA51	POLYGYNAX	B	Nystatin - 100.000IU, Polymixin B sulfate - 35.000IU, Neomycin sulfate - 35.000IU		Capsule, vaginal	407,184 L.L
N06AX16	EFEXOR XR	B	Venlafaxine (HCl) - 75mg	75mg	Capsule, sustained release	732,394 L.L
N06AX16	EFEXOR XR	B	Venlafaxine (HCl) - 150mg	150mg	Capsule, sustained release	817,056 L.L
M01AB05	DICLORETARD	G	Diclofenac sodium - 100mg	100mg	Capsule, sustained release	445,388 L.L
C08DB01	MONO-TILDIEM LP/SR	B	Diltiazem HCl - 200mg	200mg	Capsule, sustained release	658,483 L.L
C08DB01	MONO-TILDIEM LP/SR	B	Diltiazem HCl - 300mg	300mg	Capsule, sustained release	658,483 L.L
D10BA01	CURACNE	G	Isotretinoin - 10mg	10mg	Capsule, soft gelatin	970,254 L.L