Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D07AC13	ELICA	G	Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	341,336 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	249,955 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	435,405 L.L
D07AC13	METASONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,321 L.L
D07AC13	XEMADERM	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,961 L.L
D07AC14	ADVANTAN	B	Methylprednisolone aceponate - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	385,683 L.L
D07AC14	PRENIDERM	G	Methylprednisolone aceponate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	312,283 L.L
D07AC18	PEITEL	B	Prednicarbate - 0.25%	0.25%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D07AD01	DERMOVATE	B	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05% w/w	Cream	290,270 L.L
D07AD01	CLOBEVAT	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
D07AD01	DECLOBAN	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
D07AD01	DERMASONE	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	119,026 L.L
D07CA01	HYDROMYCINE	G	Neomycin sulfate - 0.005g/g, Hydrocortisone acetate - 0.01g/g		Cream	238,052 L.L
D07CB01	PANDERM	G	Triamcinolone acetonide - 1mg/g, Gramicidin - 0.25mg/g, Neomycin (sulfate) - 2.5mg/g, Nystatin - 100.000IU/g		Cream	180,075 L.L
D07CB01	POSITON	G	Triamcinolone acetonide - 100mg, Neomycin (sulfate) - 250mg, Nystatin -		Cream	1,064,323 L.L
D07CC01	FUCICORT	B	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	376,276 L.L
D07CC01	FUCICORT	B	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	501,253 L.L
D07CC01	BETAFUCIN	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone valerate - 1mg/1g		Cream	210,983 L.L
D07CC01	TOPIZONE	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	216,359 L.L
D07CC01	ZETA-CORT	G	Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	244,579 L.L
D07CC01	BETASONE-N	G	Neomycin (sulfate) - 3.5mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	398,033 L.L
D07CC02	GENTACORT-FC	G	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.01%, Clotrimazole - 1%, Gentamicin (sulfate) - 0.1%		Cream	302,365 L.L
D07XA01	DAKTACORT	B	Hydrocortisone - 10mg/g, Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g		Cream	208,296 L.L
D07XB05	ECOZONE	G	Dexamethazone sodium phosphate - 0.1%, Econazole nitrate - 1%		Cream	364,757 L.L
D07XC01	LOTRIDERM	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g		Cream	408,528 L.L
D07XC01	BETA-MICOTER	G	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g		Cream	415,951 L.L
D07XC03	ELICA M	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%, Miconazole nitrate - 2%		Cream	459,594 L.L
D07XC04	TRAVOCORT	B	Diflucortolone valerate - 0.1%, Isoconazole nitrate - 1%		Cream	435,405 L.L
D07XC04	AZONIT - D	G	Diflucortolone valerate - 1mg/g, Isoconazole nitrate - 10mg/g		Cream	225,766 L.L
D10AD01	A-RET	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	335,961 L.L