Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D07CC01	BETASONE-N	G	Neomycin (sulfate) - 3.5mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g		Cream	398,033 L.L
D07CC02	GENTACORT-FC	G	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.01%, Clotrimazole - 1%, Gentamicin (sulfate) - 0.1%		Cream	302,365 L.L
D07XA01	DAKTACORT	B	Hydrocortisone - 10mg/g, Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g		Cream	208,296 L.L
D07XB05	ECOZONE	G	Dexamethazone sodium phosphate - 0.1%, Econazole nitrate - 1%		Cream	364,757 L.L
D07XC01	LOTRIDERM	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g		Cream	408,528 L.L
D07XC01	BETA-MICOTER	G	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g		Cream	415,951 L.L
D07XC03	ELICA M	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%, Miconazole nitrate - 2%		Cream	459,594 L.L
D07XC04	TRAVOCORT	B	Diflucortolone valerate - 0.1%, Isoconazole nitrate - 1%		Cream	435,405 L.L
D07XC04	AZONIT - D	G	Diflucortolone valerate - 1mg/g, Isoconazole nitrate - 10mg/g		Cream	225,766 L.L
D10AD01	A-RET	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	335,961 L.L
D10AD01	AVOTIN-A	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	440,780 L.L
D10AD01	KETREL	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	397,777 L.L
D10AD01	RETACNYL - 0.05 %	G	Tretinoin - 0.05%		Cream	584,571 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Cream	521,411 L.L
D10AD06	AKLIEF	B	Trifarotene - 50mcg/g	50mcg/g	Cream	4,359,425 L.L
C05A	ANTROLIN	B	Nifedipine - 0.3%, Lidocaine - 1.5%		Cream	1,333,092 L.L
C05AA01	SEDIPROCT	G	Hydrocortisone - 500mg, Cinchocaine HCl - 500mg		Cream	290,270 L.L
C05AX05	PROCTO GLYVENOL	B	Lidocaine HCl - 2g/100g, Tribenoside - 5g/100g		Cream	405,840 L.L
M02AA	AIRTAL DIFUCREM 1.5%	B	Aceclofenac - 1.5g/100g	1.5%	Cream	536,193 L.L
D10AF05	NADIXA	G	Nadifloxacin - 1%	1%	Cream	850,652 L.L
D10AX03	SKINOREN	B	Azelaic acid - 0.2g/g	0.2g/g	Cream	722,987 L.L
D11AH02	ELIDEL	B	Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	1,780,591 L.L
L01BC02	EFUDIX	B	Fluorouracil - 5%	5%	Cream	671,921 L.L
D11AX11	AVOQUIN	G	Hydroquinone - 4%	4%	Cream	916,501 L.L
D11AX16	FLOREXA	G	Eflornithine (HCl) - 11.5%	11.5%	Cream	3,527,587 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	2,154,180 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	1,053,573 L.L
G01AF04	MYCODERM-V	G	Miconazole nitrate - 2%	2%	Cream	361,494 L.L
D01AC01	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.01g/g	0.01g/g	Cream	344,024 L.L
D01AC02	DAKTARIN	B	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Cream	231,141 L.L