Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D03AX	RENEBO	G	?-sitosterol - 0.25% w/w	0.25% w/w	Ointment	456,906 L.L
J01DE01	CEFEPIME LDP LABORATORIOS TORLAN	G	Cefepime - 1g	1g	Injectable powder for solution	5,933,065 L.L
J05AB01	VICLORIX 800	G	Aciclovir - 800mg	800mg	Tablet	4,321,797 L.L
L01CD02	DOCETAXEL SPC	G	Docetaxel - 80mg/4ml	80mg/4ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	16,906,027 L.L
L04AX04	SOTIRA	G	Lenalidomide - 15mg	15mg	Capsule	76,208,289 L.L
M05BA04	MARVIL 70	G	Alendronate (monosodium trihydrate) - 70mg	70mg	Tablet, coated	1,173,175 L.L
N05AX12	ABIPREX 10	G	Aripiprazole - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	1,075,074 L.L
N07CA01	BETAHISTINE ARROW	G	Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg	16mg	Tablet	362,837 L.L
S02AA16	OFLOMED	G	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	317,403 L.L
A03FA07	GAROPRIDE	G	Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg	50mg	Tablet, film coated	213,671 L.L
A10BB12	GLUMYL 4	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	317,403 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	TORANS	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	518,339 L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
G03CA03	VAGIFEM	G	Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 10mcg	10mcg	Tablet	2,254,968 L.L
H02B	PREDALONE PLUS	G	Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 10mg/5ml, Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg/5ml		Syrup	890,776 L.L
J01DE01	CEFEPIME PANPHARMA	G	Cefepime - 1g	1g	Injectable powder for solution	5,933,065 L.L
L01XG01	ALVOCADE	G	Bortezomib - 3.5mg	3.5mg	Injectable powder for solution	14,169,600 L.L
M05BA04	OREK	G	Alendronate - 70mg	70mg	Tablet, coated	2,404,838 L.L
N05AX12	ATYPRAL	G	Aripiprazole - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	712,237 L.L
N07CA01	VASOSERC FORTE	G	Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg	16mg	Tablet	944,529 L.L
R05CB02	BROMHEXINE	G	Bromhexine - 4mg/5ml	4mg/5ml	Elixir	176,619 L.L
A03FA08	CINITREX	G	Cinitapride - 1mg	1mg	Tablet	636,981 L.L
A10BB12	GLYPRIDE	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	657,139 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	226,388 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLINE	G	Amlodipine - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	662,962 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
D03BA	SERODASE	G	Serratiopeptidase - 5mg	5mg	Tablet, enteric coated	460,938 L.L