Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
C08CA01	LOTENSE	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	388,370 L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
J05AB01	CYCLOVEX	G	Aciclovir - 400mg	400mg	Tablet, scored	2,687,685 L.L
L01CD02	DOCETAXEL EBEWE	G	Docetaxel - 80mg/8ml	80mg/8ml	Injectable solution	19,518,281 L.L
L01XA03	OXALTIE	G	Oxaliplatin - 50mg	50mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	2,957,797 L.L
L04AX04	LENOMA	G	Lenalidomide - 15mg	15mg	Capsule, hard	15,241,884 L.L
N03AG01	CONVULEX	G	Sodium Valproate - 300mg/ml	300mg/ml	Solution	1,018,633 L.L
N05AX08	RISCHOTIC OD 3	G	Risperidone - 3mg	3mg	Tablet, orally disintegrating	605,369 L.L
S02AA15	CETRAXAL OTICO	G	Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops	821,088 L.L
A10BB12	DIAMERIL	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	322,522 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l		Injectable solution	204,554 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LOWRAC 5	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	362,837 L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
D03AX	HEALIN B	G	?-sitosterol - 0.25%	0.25%	Ointment	849,820 L.L
G03CA03	OESTRACLIN	G	Estradiol - 0.6mg/g	0.6mg/g	Gel	448,843 L.L
J01DE01	CEFIPEX 500 BENTA	G	Cefepime (hydrochloride) - 500mg	500mg	Injectable solution	545,216 L.L
J05AB01	VICLORIX 400	G	Aciclovir - 400mg	400mg	Tablet	3,589,851 L.L
L01CD02	DOCETAXEL GP PHARM	G	Docetaxel - 40mg/ml	80mg/2ml	Injectable concentrated solution+diluent	16,777,239 L.L
L01XA03	OXALTIE	G	Oxaliplatin - 50mg	50mg	Injectable lyophilised powder	2,957,797 L.L
L04AX04	LIDAMID 15	G	Lenalidomide - 15mg	15mg	Capsule	79,238,426 L.L
M05BA04	APO-ALENDRONATE	G	Alendronate (monosodium trihydrate) - 70mg	70mg	Tablet	1,173,175 L.L
N05AX08	RISCHOTIC OD 4	G	Risperidone - 4mg	4mg	Tablet, orally disintegrating	605,369 L.L
N07CA01	ALVIGO	G	Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg	16mg	Tablet, scored	1,204,339 L.L
R05CB01	TREBON N	G	Acetylcysteine - 600mg	600mg	Granules for suspension	596,666 L.L
A10BB12	GLIM	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	628,918 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l		Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LUSTRA	G	Amlodipine - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	485,127 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L