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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A04AA01 TRONDAMET G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,027,858 L.L
L01CE01 TOPOTU G Topotecan HCl - 4mg/4ml 4mg/4ml Injectable concentrated solution 7,253,796 L.L
C01CA03 NORADRENALINE HIKMA G Noradrenaline bitartrate - 4mg/4ml 4mg/4ml Injectable solution 1,279,338 L.L
R05CB02 BROMHEXINE G Bromhexine - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Elixir 176,619 L.L
M05BA08 ZOMETA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 13,697,658 L.L
M05BA08 DROMEZON G Zoledronic acid - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,577,128 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRO-DENK G Zoledronic acid - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,388,990 L.L
M05BA08 ZOLEDRONIC ACID ACCORD G Zoledronic acid - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 7,028,741 L.L
A04AA01 JAMP ONDANSETRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 2,687,685 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 958,608 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 802,466 L.L
A04AA01 ONDEMED G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 858,779 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 858,779 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 304,604 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 159,736 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
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