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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AX13 REPATHA BioTech Evolocumab - 140mg/1ml Injectable solution 44,151,793 L.L
N06CA02 SERNIL G Flupentixol - 0.5mg, Melitracen - 10mg Tablet 1,003,402 L.L
S01EA05 LUMIFY B Brimonidine tartrate - 0.025% Drops solution 1,888,099 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 198,889 L.L
C09DA03 VIOSTAN PLUS 320/12.5 G Valsartan - 320mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,411,419 L.L
C10BA02 INEGY G Simvastatin - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet 4,452,598 L.L
D11AX18 LABDIC RELIEF G Diclofenac sodium - 1%w/w, Methyl salicylate - 8%w/w, Menthol - 2%w/w Gel 263,393 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL SINUS B Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg Caplet 228,453 L.L
A02BD08 PYLERA B Bismuth subcitrate potassium - 140mg, Tetracycline HCl - 125mg, Metronidazole - 125mg Capsule 6,156,142 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 579,196 L.L
C09DA04 CO APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 658,483 L.L
C10BA02 INEGY G Simvastatin - 40mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet 4,484,594 L.L
N02BE51 ALGIN ADULTS G Paracetamol - 400mg, Caffeine - 50mg Suppository 195,817 L.L
A11DB VITANOR G Vitamin B1 - 250mg, Vitamin B6 - 250mg, Vitamin B12 - 500mcg Tablet, film coated 946,065 L.L
C09DA04 CO APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 658,483 L.L
C10BA03 PRAVAFEN B Pravastatin sodium - 40mg, Fenofibrate - 160mg Capsule, hard 1,264,556 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD & FLU DAY B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 25mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Caplet 284,895 L.L
A02BX13 GAVISCON B Sodium alginate - 500mg/10ml, Sodium bicarbonate - 267mg/10ml, Calcium (carbonate) - 160mg/10ml Liquid 295,645 L.L
A11EA BECOZYME B Vitamin B5 - 6mg/2ml, Vitamin B6 - 4mg/2ml, Vitamin PP - 40mg/2ml, Vitamin B2 - 5.47mg/2ml, Vitamin B1 - 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 662,514 L.L
C09DA04 ANDARAN PLUS G Irbesartan - 150mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 575,270 L.L
C10BA04 CHOLIB B Fenofibrate - 145mg, Simvastatin - 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,251,117 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD & FLU ALL IN ONE B Paracetamol - 250mg, Guaifenesin - 100mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 342,680 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ENFANTS G Eucalyptol - 0.03g, Camphre - 0.04g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.12g, Aminophylline - 0.06g Suppository 284,127 L.L
A02BX13 GAVISCON INFANT B Sodium alginate - 225mg, Magnesium alginate - 87.5mg Powder for suspension 710,893 L.L
A11EA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 3mg, Cyanocobalamine - 60mcg, Pyridoxine HCl - 5mg, Thiamine mononitrate - 10mg, Inositol - 3mg, Calcium pantothenate - 3mg Tablet 142,063 L.L
C09DA04 CONVERIUM PLUS G Irbesartan - 150mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 395,090 L.L
C10BA04 CHOLIB B Fenofibrate - 145mg, Simvastatin - 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,358,625 L.L
N02BE51 SOLPADEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 30mg, Codeine - 8mg Tablet 319,835 L.L
R03DA55 CAMPHO-PNEUMINE AMINOPHYLLINE ENFANTS G Eucalyptol - 0.03g, Camphre - 0.04g, Gaiacol ethyl glycolate - 0.12g, Aminophylline - 0.06g Suppository 426,190 L.L
A02BX13 GAVISCON ADVANCE ANISEED FLAVOR B Sodium alginate - 1000mg/10ml, Potassium hydrogen carbonate - 200mg/10ml Suspension 514,692 L.L
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