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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 287,582 L.L
C09DA03 ARBITEN PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 544,256 L.L
M02AA15 GROFENAC G Diclofenac sodium - 1% Emulsion Gel 314,459 L.L
S01CA02 LOXTRA G Prednisolone acetate - 2mg/ml, Tetrahydrozoline HCl - 0.4mg/ml, Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml Drops suspension 423,310 L.L
A11DB NEURORUBINE G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 302,365 L.L
C09DA03 CO-ANGINET G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 364,181 L.L
C09DA03 CO-TABUVAN G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 550,975 L.L
C09DA03 VALUSTAR PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 592,635 L.L
D11AX01 REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN B Minoxidil - 5% Foam 1,370,719 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet 229,797 L.L
C09DA03 VIOSTAN PLUS 160/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 668,082 L.L
D11AX01 REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN B Minoxidil - 5% Foam 3,090,838 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 50mcg/ml Injectable solution 11,286,573 L.L
A11DB MED-PRINCO-B FORT G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 386,515 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 901,718 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 33mcg/ml Injectable solution 7,975,793 L.L
A11DB NEUROMED G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet, coated 257,250 L.L
C09DA03 ARBITEN PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet 579,196 L.L
N02BE51 ADOL EXTRA G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Caplet 122,290 L.L
N06CA02 DEANXIT B Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,372,063 L.L
A10AE56 XULTOPHY BioTech Insulin degludec - 100U/ml, Liraglutide - 3.6mg/ml Injectable solution 13,503,847 L.L
A11DB NEURORUBINE-FORTE G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 50mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 262,049 L.L
C09DA03 VIOSTAN PLUS 160/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 671,921 L.L
N02BE51 SICADOL EXTRA G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Tablet 147,823 L.L
N06CA02 MELIXITE G Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg Tablet, film coated 600,250 L.L
A10AE56 XULTOPHY BioTech Insulin degludec - 100U/ml, Liraglutide - 3.6mg/ml Injectable solution 13,503,847 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
C09DA03 VIOSTAN PLUS 320/25 G Valsartan - 320mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,445,975 L.L
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