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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B03XA01 EPOTEX 4000 BENTA BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable solution 5,488,046 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable freeze dried substance+diluent 940,690 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable freeze dried substance+diluent 33,852,747 L.L
B03XA01 BINOCRIT BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/0.4ml 4,000IU/0.4ml Injectable solution 5,582,795 L.L
B03XA01 EPREX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/0.4ml 4,000IU/0.4ml Injectable solution 15,187,737 L.L
B03XA01 EPOTIN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/ml 4,000IU/ml Injectable solution 11,317,795 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXA MEDIS BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4,000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml 4,000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
B01AB05 LOVENOX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4,000UI (40mg)/0.4ml 4,000UI (40mg)/0.4ml Injectable solution 886,936 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 4.2g/100ml 4.2g/100ml Injectable solution 742,370 L.L
N06DA03 RIVASTIGMINE ARROW G Rivastigmine - 4.5mg 4.5mg Capsule 842,589 L.L
N06DA03 RIVASTIGMINE ARROW G Rivastigmine - 4.5mg 4.5mg Capsule 842,589 L.L
L01FX02 MYLOTARG BioTech Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin - 4.5mg 4.5mg Injectable powder 748,160,090 L.L
N05AX15 REAGILA G Cariprazine HCl - 4.5mg 4.5mg Capsule, hard 6,394,003 L.L
A10BJ05 TRULICITY BioTech Dulaglutide - 4.5mg 4.5mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 10,165,201 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 5 B Rivastigmine - 4.6mg/24h 4.6mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU 40,000IU Injectable solution 11,210,836 L.L
B03XA01 HEMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU 40,000IU Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 6,316,060 L.L
B03XA01 BINOCRIT BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU/ml 40,000IU/ml Injectable solution 11,726,826 L.L
B03XA01 EPREX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU/ml 40,000IU/ml Injectable solution 13,250,926 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 8,728,144 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 1,127,036 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 4,748,244 L.L
B01AB05 PARINOX 40 BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4000IU (40mg)/0.4ml 4000IU (40mg)/0.4ml Injectable solution 358,358 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAMED BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml Injectable solution 2,150,148 L.L
B01AB05 ENOMEX BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml 4000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml Injectable solution 753,832 L.L
B01AB05 ENOXAPARIN LEDRAXEN BioTech Enoxaparin sodium - 4000UI (40mg)/0.4ml 4000UI (40mg)/0.4ml Injectable solution 841,245 L.L
B03XA01 EPOMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000UI/ml 4000UI/ml Injectable solution 1,243,054 L.L
A16AB02 CEREZYME B Imiglucerase - 400IU 400IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution L.L
A11CC05 PEDIAVIT D G Vitamin D3 - 400IU 400IU Liquid 550,975 L.L
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