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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BB12 GLUMYL 3 G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Tablet 511,940 L.L
A10BB12 GLYPRIDE G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Tablet 571,133 L.L
A10BB12 JOSWE GLEMAX 3 G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Caplet 506,629 L.L
A10BB12 ORBIDE G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Tablet 351,959 L.L
L02AE04 DECAPEPTYL LP B Triptorelin (pamoate) - 3mg 3mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent 11,778,312 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTINE BIOGARAN G Ivermectin - 3mg 3mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N05CF04 INDUCTAL G Eszopiclone - 3mg 3mg Tablet, film coated 1,693,242 L.L
A10BJ05 TRULICITY BioTech Dulaglutide - 3mg/0.5ml 3mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 10,165,201 L.L
M05BA06 BONVIVA B Ibandronic acid - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,144,591 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,711,693 L.L
A04AA02 GRANI-DENK G Granisetron - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable concentrate for solution 1,679,803 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXIGEN G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 358,806 L.L
S01AE01 OPTIFLOX G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops suspension 143,791 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXEDOL G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Gel 339,992 L.L
S01AE02 NAFLOX G Norfloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops 370,901 L.L
S01AE03 CILOXAN B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 348,055 L.L
S01AE06 TYMER G Gatifloxacin (sesquihydrate) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 427,342 L.L
S02AA15 CETRAXAL OTICO G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops 821,088 L.L
S02AA16 OFLOMED G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 317,403 L.L
S03AA07 API-CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops 530,818 L.L
C01CA26 EPHEDRINE AGUETTANT G Ephedrine HCl - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Injectable solution 7,827,491 L.L
J01FA02 ROVAMYCINE B Spiramycin - 3MIU 3MIU Tablet, film coated 649,076 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 4% 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
D10AF02 MED-ERYTHROMYCIN 4% G Erythromycin - 40mg/ml 4% Solution 235,492 L.L
D10AF02 SPOTEX G Erythromycin - 4% 4% Gel 854,684 L.L
D11AX11 AVOQUIN G Hydroquinone - 4% 4% Cream 916,501 L.L
B05AA06 GELASPAN B Gelatine, succinylated - 4% 4% Injectable solution 9,107,572 L.L
C01CA04 DOPAMINE RENAUDIN G Dopamine HCl - 200mg/5ml 4% Injectable concentrated solution 1,107,326 L.L
B03XA01 EPOTEX 4000 BENTA BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable solution 1,209,458 L.L
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