Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05AA01	HUMAN ALBUMIN BEHRING 20%, LOW SALT	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	4,177,896 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,182,581 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMED	G	Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	2,998,113 L.L
L01FG01	ZIRABEV	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 400mg/16ml	400mg/16ml	Injectable solution	49,965,229 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE	G	Atropine sulfate - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Injectable solution	680,315 L.L
B05AA01	PLASBUMIN-20 ALBUMIN (HUMAN)	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	3,641,813 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,419,098 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMED	G	Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	338,648 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg	Injectable solution	385,683 L.L
B05AA01	UMAN ALBUMIN	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20g/100ml	10g/50ml	Injectable solution	3,598,810 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	567,102 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMEDIS FORT	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	43,003 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATEAGUETTANT	G	Atropine - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	7,805,376 L.L
B05AA01	VIALEBEX	BioHuman	Albumin human - 200g/L	200g/L	Injectable solution	3,417,391 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE USP - EIPICO	G	Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	185,450 L.L
L01FG01	BEVACIREL	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml	100mg/4ml	Injectable solution	14,719,570 L.L
B05AA01	YDRALBUM 200G/L	BioHuman	Albumin human - 10g/50ml		Injectable solution	3,417,391 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
H02AB02	DEXASINA	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	3,471,145 L.L
A12CX	PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIQUE RENAUDIN	G	Phosphate dipotassique - 174.20mg/ml	174.20mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,189,301 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUREL HUMAN ALBUMIN BP	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	3,240,004 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	218,344 L.L
H02AB02	RADOLINE	G	Dexamethasone sodium phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	3,711,565 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUREL HUMAN ALBUMIN BP	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	6,353,687 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	203,405 L.L
B05AA06	GELASPAN	B	Gelatine, succinylated - 4%	4%	Injectable solution	9,107,572 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	179,272 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMETHASON-PANPHARMA	G	Dexamethasone - 5mg/1ml	5mg/1ml	Injectable solution	368,213 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml		Injectable solution	355,798 L.L