Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
H01CB05	SIGNIFOR	B	Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.6mg/ml	0.6mg/ml	Injectable solution	180,355,261 L.L
L04AC16	TREMFYA	BioTech	Guselkumab - 100mg/ml	100mg/ml	Injectable solution	190,195,151 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
H01CB05	SIGNIFOR	B	Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.9mg/ml	0.9mg/ml	Injectable solution	183,846,008 L.L
L04AC18	SKYRIZI	BioTech	Risankizumab - 75mg	75mg	Injectable solution	194,911,251 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 5% DEXTROSE AND 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Dextrose, H2O - 5%, Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Potassium chloride - 20meq		Injectable solution	229,959 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	349,596 L.L
H01CC01	ORGALUTRAN	B	Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml	0.25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	2,383,977 L.L
L04AC18	SKYRIZI	BioTech	Risankizumab - 150mg	150mg	Injectable solution	194,911,251 L.L
A03AX12	PHLOROGLUCINOL/TRIMETHYLPHLOROGLUCINOL ARROW	G	Phloroglucinol - 40mg/4ml, Trimethylphloroglucinol - 0.04mg/4ml		Injectable solution	940,690 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq		Injectable solution	278,102 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
H01CC01	ORGALUTRAN	B	Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml	0.25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	2,383,977 L.L
L01FF05	TECENTRIQ	BioTech	Atezolizumab - 1875mg/15ml	1875mg/15ml	Injectable solution	375,054,619 L.L
L04AC19	ENSPRYNG	BioTech	Satralizumab - 120mg/ml	120mg/ml	Injectable solution	857,061,795 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20mEq		Injectable solution	229,959 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 40meq/l		Injectable solution	293,041 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	181,908 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq/l		Injectable solution	232,134 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	156,288 L.L
L01FG01	BEVACIREL	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 400mg/16ml	400mg/16ml	Injectable solution	49,744,595 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	7,154,928 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	165,482 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%		Injectable solution	4,031,528 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	1mg/ml	Injectable solution	702,149 L.L
B05AA01	HUMAN ALBUMIN "OCTAPHARMA" 20%	BioHuman	Albumin human - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	4,863,366 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	0.1%	Injectable solution	397,777 L.L