Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

...

162

...

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LOWRAC 5	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	362,837 L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
H02AB07	PREDNISONE	G	Prednisone - 50mg	50mg	Tablet, scored	742,313 L.L
J01DD13	CEFODOX	G	Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 50mg/5ml	50mg/5ml	Powder for suspension	604,729 L.L
J02AC02	FONGINOX	G	Itraconazole - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	778,149 L.L
L01BC06	CAPECITABINE SPC	G	Capecitabine - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	12,665,771 L.L
M02AA13	IBUSTICK	G	Ibuprofen - 50mg/g	50mg/g	Gel, roll on	857,372 L.L
N02BE01	UBSADOL BABY	G	Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml	120mg/5ml	Suspension	168,940 L.L
R03BA02	BUDESONIDE ARROW	G	Budesonide - 0.5mg/2ml	0.5mg/2ml	Inhalation suspension for nebuliser	1,342,499 L.L
S01AE07	FORTYMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops solution	772,709 L.L
A03FA08	CINITREX	G	Cinitapride - 1mg	1mg	Tablet	636,981 L.L
A10BB12	GLYPRIDE	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	657,139 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LUSTRA	G	Amlodipine - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	485,127 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	923,220 L.L
D04AA32	DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1%		Cream	560,382 L.L
H02AB08	TRIACORT	G	Triamcinolone acetonide - 40mg/ml	40mg/ml	Injectable suspension	745,833 L.L
J02AC02	FONGINOX	G	Itraconazole - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	174,060 L.L
L01BC06	CAPEDA	G	Capecitabine - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	4,927,423 L.L
M02AA15	CLOFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Creamagel	210,983 L.L
S01AE07	IMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	464,970 L.L
A10BB12	JOSWE GLEMAX 4	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Caplet	235,172 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	226,388 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	NIPIDOL	G	Amlodipine - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	255,330 L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
D04AA32	HISTERGAN	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 2%	2%	Cream	546,944 L.L
G03AD01	EZ-ONE	G	Levonorgestrel - 1.5mg	1.5mg	Tablet	722,987 L.L

...

162

...