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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 175mg 175mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 35,006,953 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 263mg 263mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 40,713,332 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 350mg 350mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 50,113,800 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 525mg 525mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 75,169,378 L.L
R02A TRACHISAN G Lidocaine HCl - 1mg, Tyrothricin - 0.5mg, Chlorhexidine gluconate - 1mg Lozenge 228,453 L.L
D11AH01 TACRUS G Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1% 0.1% Ointment 1,857,190 L.L
D11AX TRIO-2000 G Hydroquinone - 4%, Tretinoin - 0.05%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1% Ointment 2,495,068 L.L
S01AA09 TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT G Tetracycline HCl - 1% 1% Ointment 71,672 L.L
S01AA12 TOBRACIN G Tobramycin - 0.3% 0.3% Ointment 280,863 L.L
D06AA04 TETRACYCLINE OINTMENT G Tetracycline HCl - 3% 3% Ointment 107,507 L.L
R03BB04 TIOVA-T G Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 18mcg 18mcg Rotacaps 384,339 L.L
S01EE05 TAFLUPRO G Tafluprost - 0.0015% 0.0015% Solution 1,912,288 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Solution 623,287 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.025% 0.025% Solution 564,414 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 682,160 L.L
B03AE10 TOT'HEMA B Copper (gluconate) - 0.70mg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 1.33mg/10ml, Iron (gluconate) - 50mg/10ml Solution 604,729 L.L
D01AE15 TERAFAN G Terbinafine HCl - 1% 1% Solution 355,798 L.L
R01AD09 TABUNEX G Mometasone furoate - 0.05% 0.05% Spray 419,279 L.L
R01AB06 TRIOFAN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.5mg/ml, Carbocysteine - 5mg/ml Spray, solution 608,761 L.L
R01AB06 TRIOFAN B Xylometazoline HCl - 1mg/ml, Carbocysteine - 10mg/ml Spray, solution 646,388 L.L
R01AD08 TICANASE G Fluticasone propionate - 50mcg/actuation 12g/Bottle Spray, suspension 405,840 L.L
R05FA02 TUSCALMAN A B Noscapine HCl - 5mg, Guaifenesin - 25mg Suppository 624,963 L.L
R05FA02 TUSCALMAN B B Noscapine HCl - 10mg, Guaifenesin - 50mg Suppository 615,992 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 100mg 100mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 200mg 200mg Suppository 235,172 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 350mg 350mg Suppository 239,204 L.L
N07XX02 TEGLUTIK G Riluzole - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Suspension 9,574,189 L.L
N03AF01 TEGRETOL B Carbamazepine - 2% 2% Suspension 456,906 L.L
R05CA12 TOUCALM G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 0.7g/100ml 0.7g/100ml Syrup 300,765 L.L
R06AD08 TOPLEXIL B Oxomemazine HCl - 0.33mg/ml 0.33mg/ml Syrup 615,480 L.L
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