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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 133,856 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 149,393 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 161,805 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 161,314 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 149,393 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 10% 10% Injectable solution 4,129,004 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 10% 10% Injectable solution 5,779,226 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 20% 20% Injectable solution 5,675,800 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 20% 20% Injectable solution 784,890 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 250mcg/5ml 250mcg/5ml Injectable solution 3,524,899 L.L
B05XA05 SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM PROAMP G Magnesium sulfate - 0.15g/ml 0.15g/ml Injectable solution 1,400,284 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 5mcg/ml 10mcg/2ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
B05XA05 SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM RENAUDIN G Magnesium sulfate - 1.5g/10ml 15% Injectable solution 434,061 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 236,731 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 216,046 L.L
A03BB01 SCOBUREN G Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 370,901 L.L
A03BB01 SCOPINAL G Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 178,731 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 232,134 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 264,311 L.L
N01BB03 SCANDINIBSA G Mepivacaine HCl - 3% 3% Injectable solution 1,191,988 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
N01BB58 SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE B Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml 1/100,000 Injectable solution 2,945,703 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 222,941 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
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