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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 222,941 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
N01BB03 SCANDINIBSA G Mepivacaine HCl - 3% 3% Injectable solution 1,191,988 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 236,731 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 211,449 L.L
N01BB58 SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE B Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml 1/100,000 Injectable solution 2,945,703 L.L
B05BC01 SERUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 402,213 L.L
B05BC01 SOLUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 603,320 L.L
J06BD01 SYNAGIS BioTech Palivizumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 57,429,464 L.L
J06BD01 SYNAGIS BioTech Palivizumab - 50mg/0.5ml 50mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 38,316,693 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg 30mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent 36,504,302 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg 30mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent 54,757,132 L.L
H02AB04 SOLU MEDROL Act-O-Vial B Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 313,115 L.L
A02BC05 SOLEZOL G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 301,021 L.L
H02AB04 SOLU MEDROL B Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 718,956 L.L
H02AB04 SOLU MEDROL B Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 1,444,631 L.L
J01DE01 SALAPIME G Cefepime - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 618,168 L.L
L01XX02 SPECTRILA BioTech Asparaginase, recombinant - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,370,813 L.L
L04AC02 SIMULECT BioTech Basiliximab - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder + solvent 131,822,828 L.L
J01DH51 SYNERGIC G Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg Injectable powder 1,142,266 L.L
M01AC02 SORAL G Tenoxicam - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+solvent 588,603 L.L
J01DD01 STOPAREN G Cefotaxime (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 213,671 L.L
H02AB09 SOLU CORTEF ACT-O-VIAL B Hydrocortisone (sodium succinate) - 250mg 250mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 421,967 L.L
B05BA02 SMOFLIPID G Soya oil - 6%, Olive oil - 5%, Fish oil - 3%, Medium chain triglycerides - 6% 20% Injectable emulsion 1,424,473 L.L
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