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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/3.47ml 200mg/3.47ml Syrup 442,124 L.L
A03AB02 GLYCOPYRROLATE B Glycopyronium Bromide - 0.2mg/ml 0.2mg/ml Injectable solution 7,238,185 L.L
A12AA04 CALTRATE 600 B Calcium (carbonate) - 600mg 600mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
D01AC02 DAKTARIN B Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Cream 231,141 L.L
G02AD02 PROPESS B Dinoprostone - 10mg 10mg Vaginal delivery system 5,838,996 L.L
H02AB04 SOLU MEDROL B Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 718,956 L.L
J02AC03 V-FEND B Voriconazole - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 8,078,564 L.L
L01CA04 NAVELBINE B Vinorelbine (ditartrate) - 30mg 30mg Capsule, soft gelatin 6,072,824 L.L
A03AB06 SPASMOMEN B Otilonium bromide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 438,093 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 5% DEXTROSE AND 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Dextrose, H2O - 5%, Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Potassium chloride - 20meq Injectable solution 229,959 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 8MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,060,292 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/ml 200mg/ml Solution 360,150 L.L
N07CA01 BETASERC B Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg 16mg Tablet 1,561,857 L.L
R05CB01 FLUIMUCIL B N-acetylcysteine - 600mg 600mg Tablet, effervescent 567,102 L.L
S02AA15 SEPTOCIPRO OTICO B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 1mg/0.5ml 1mg/0.5ml Solution 473,033 L.L
A12AA04 CI-CAL B Calcium citrate - 250mg 250mg Tablet 694,767 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq Injectable solution 278,102 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,118,900 L.L
H02AB04 SOLU MEDROL B Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 1,444,631 L.L
J02AC04 NOXAFIL B Posaconazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet, gastroresistant 62,027,714 L.L
L04AX04 REVLIMID B Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule 116,241,703 L.L
M04AA03 ADENURIC B Febuxostat - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,687,866 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, enteric coated 479,752 L.L
A03AX COLPERMIN B Pepermint oil - 187mg 187mg Capsule, delayed release 632,950 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 912,469 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20mEq Injectable solution 229,959 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 2,125,622 L.L
C09DA07 MICARDIS PLUS B Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,101,951 L.L
J02AC05 CRESEMBA B Isavuconazonium sulfate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 69,290,804 L.L
R05CB01 EXOMUC B N-acetylcysteine - 200mg 200mg Granules for solution 588,603 L.L
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