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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11EX BECOZYM FORTE B Nicotinamide - 50mg, Calcium Pantothenate - 25mg, Biotin - 0.15mg, Vitamin B12 - 10mcg, Vitamin B6 - 10mg, Vitamin B2 - 15mg, Vitamin B1 - 15mg Capsule 290,270 L.L
H01CB03 SOMATULINE AUTOGEL B Lanreotide (acetate) - 120mg 120mg Injectable solution 57,492,826 L.L
M03AC11 NIMBEX B Cisatracurium (besylate) - 20mg/10ml 20mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,010,388 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD & FLU VAPOUR RELEASE + DECONGESTANT B Paracetamol - 600mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 10mg Powder for solution 524,099 L.L
N06DA02 ARICEPT B Donepezil HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 3,776,197 L.L
A02BX13 GAVISCON DOUBLE ACTION B Sodium alginate - 500mg, Sodium bicarbonate - 213mg, Calcium (carbonate) - 325mg Suspension 517,379 L.L
A11GA01 REDOXON EFF.ORANGE B Ascorbic acid (vit C) - 1g 1g Tablet, effervescent 366,869 L.L
G01AC05 FLUOMIZIN B Dequalinium chloride - 10mg 10mg Tablet 775,397 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.3mg/ml 0.3mg/ml Injectable solution 168,719,438 L.L
R03DC03 SINGULAIR (PEDIATRIC) B Montelukast (sodium) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, chewable 1,217,521 L.L
A03A SPASMOBROM B Pipethanate Ethobromide - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated 705,517 L.L
C07AB07 CONCOR B Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,131,843 L.L
C09DA04 CO APROVEL B Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 658,483 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.6mg/ml 0.6mg/ml Injectable solution 180,355,261 L.L
A03AA04 DUSPATALIN RETARD B Mebeverine HCl - 200mg 200mg Capsule 861,466 L.L
A11GB CAL-C-VITA EFFERVESCENT B Vitamin B6 - 15mg, Vitamin D - 300IU, Calcium carbonate - 625mg, Ascorbic acid - 1000mg Tablet, effervescent 494,534 L.L
C09DA04 CO APROVEL B Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 658,483 L.L
C10BA05 ATOZET B Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,046,672 L.L
G01AF01 FLAGYL B Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Ovule 249,955 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.9mg/ml 0.9mg/ml Injectable solution 183,846,008 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL EXTRA WITH OPTIZORB B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Tablet, film coated 524,099 L.L
A11JC CYSTINE B6 BAILLEUL B Pyridoxine HCl - 50mg, L-Cystine - 500mg Tablet, coated 862,747 L.L
C10BA05 ATOZET B Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,046,672 L.L
H01CC01 ORGALUTRAN B Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml 0.25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 2,383,977 L.L
J02AC01 DIFLUCAN B Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Capsule 622,199 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL EXTRA WITH OPTIZORB B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Tablet, film coated 252,642 L.L
G01AF02 CANESTEN B Clotrimazole - 0.1g 0.1g Tablet 408,528 L.L
H01CC01 ORGALUTRAN B Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml 0.25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 2,383,977 L.L
S01ED51 XALACOM B Timolol (maleate) - 6.8mg/ml, Latanoprost - 50?g/ml Drops solution 510,660 L.L
A03AB02 GLYCOPYRROLATE B Glycopyronium Bromide - 0.2mg/ml 0.2mg/ml Injectable solution 7,238,185 L.L
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