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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G04BE08 HEROX G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 929,939 L.L
L01EK01 INLYTA B Axitinib - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 57,595,789 L.L
L04AA29 TRIJAN G Tofacitinib - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 84,793,962 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXIB G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,217,521 L.L
N05AE05 LURABIL G Lurasidone - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,535,831 L.L
A10BD11 INAGLIMET G Metformin - 1000mg, Linagliptin - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,670,844 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1200mcg 1200mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C02AC05 CYNT B Moxonidine - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet, film coated 1,153,162 L.L
G04BE08 TALYS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,839 L.L
L01EL01 IMBRUVICA B Ibrutinib - 140mg 140mg Tablet, film coated 177,350,206 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,109,630 L.L
N05AE05 LURABIL G Lurasidone - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 2,535,831 L.L
A10BD11 JENTADUETO B Metformin - 850mg, Linagliptin - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,542,369 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1400mcg 1400mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,127,484 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,204,979 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 369,877 L.L
N05AE05 LAROZA G Lurasidone - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 5,548,726 L.L
N06AX26 BRINTELLIX B Vortioxetine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 2,592,272 L.L
A10BD11 INAGLIMET G Metformin - 850mg, Linagliptin - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,670,844 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1600mcg 1600mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C10AA05 LORVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,128,828 L.L
L01EL01 IMBRUVICA B Ibrutinib - 420mg 420mg Tablet, film coated 532,049,516 L.L
M01AH05 ARTRIX 60 G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,054,596 L.L
N05AE05 LURABIL G Lurasidone - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 2,535,831 L.L
N06AX26 LYTIOX G Vortioxetine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,270,379 L.L
A10BD13 VIPDOMET B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Alogliptin benzoate - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,112,339 L.L
G04BE08 POTENZA G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,051,729 L.L
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