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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
B01AC04 PIDOGREL MEDIS G Clopidogrel - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 810,337 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROFORTE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 485,127 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRA TAD G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,124,796 L.L
R06AX27 AERIALLERG G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 400,465 L.L
A10BD07 SAGIMET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,551,690 L.L
B01AC04 PLAVINOR-75 G Clopidogrel - 75mg Tablet, film coated Tablet, film coated 1,112,702 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFAS G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
N02AJ08 ASTEFOR G Ibuprofen - 400mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 935,314 L.L
N03AX18 VIMPAT B Lacosamide - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 11,754,896 L.L
N06AB06 SOLOTIK G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 616,824 L.L
R06AX27 DAREQ G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 258,018 L.L
A10BD07 SITAMET G Metformin - 1000mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 2,444,896 L.L
B01AC04 THROMBO G Clopidogrel - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 764,646 L.L
L01ED04 ALUNBRIG B Brigatinib - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 119,936,249 L.L
N02AJ13 ZALDIAR B Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol - 37.5mg Tablet, film coated 404,497 L.L
N03AX18 VIMPAT B Lacosamide - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 13,357,859 L.L
B01AC04 TROKEN G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
G04BD08 URICARE G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,334,884 L.L
L01ED04 ALUNBRIG B Brigatinib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 359,811,073 L.L
G04BD08 URISOL G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,334,884 L.L
L01ED04 ALUNBRIG B Brigatinib - 180mg 180mg Tablet, film coated 474,793,952 L.L
M01AE02 PROXEN 500 B Naproxen - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 841,245 L.L
N06AB10 CIPRALEX B Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,548,107 L.L
A10BD07 SAGIMET G Metformin HCl - 500mg, Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,432,536 L.L
G04BD08 VESICARE B Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,619,330 L.L
M01AE02 NOPAIN DS G Naproxen (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 235,172 L.L
R06AX27 DESLOR MEDIS G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 396,434 L.L
L01EX02 NEXAVAR B Sorafenib - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated L.L
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