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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G03CA03 VAGIFEM G Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 10mcg 10mcg Tablet 2,254,968 L.L
A03CA02 LIBROCOL G Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg, Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg Tablet 338,648 L.L
A10BB12 AMARYL B Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 231,141 L.L
C08CA01 AMLO TAD G Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Tablet 744,489 L.L
G03CC06 GYNOFLOR B Estriol - 0.03mg, Lactobacillus acidophillus - 10 MIU Tablet 813,025 L.L
A03CA02 PRIMAX G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet 222,694 L.L
A10BB12 AMEPRIDE G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 137,072 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCARD G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 473,545 L.L
G03CX01 LIVIAL B Tibolone - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 1,135,547 L.L
H03BB02 TAPAZOLE B Methimazole (Thiamazole) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 565,694 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 90mg 90mg Tablet 8,846,092 L.L
A03CA02 ULCEDEX G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet 222,694 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 130,545 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCOEUR G Amlodipine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 362,198 L.L
A10BB12 GLIM G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
M05BB03 FOSAVANCE B Alendronic acid (sodium alendronate) - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600IU Tablet 1,988,887 L.L
A10BB12 GLUMYL 1 G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 186,858 L.L
M01AB05 REMETHAN G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet 196,201 L.L
M05BB03 ACIDE ALENDRONIQUE/ VITAMINE D3 BGR G Alendronic acid - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600UI Tablet 815,712 L.L
R05FB02 MUCUS RELIEF DM G Dextromethorphan HBr - 20mg, Guaifenesin - 400mg Tablet 413,903 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 180mg 180mg Tablet 13,280,846 L.L
A10BB12 ORBIDE G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 207,336 L.L
A10BB12 AMARYL B Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 233,829 L.L
C09DB04 TWYNSTA B Telmisartan - 80mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Tablet 991,756 L.L
P01AB01 METROLAG G Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 389,714 L.L
A10BB12 AMEPRIDE G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 139,760 L.L
C08CA01 AMLORINE 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 388,370 L.L
C09DB04 TWINCARD 80/10 G Telmisartan - 80mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Tablet 1,460,309 L.L
P01AB01 RAMAZOL G Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 216,359 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 360mg 360mg Tablet 18,379,327 L.L
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