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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DA06 ATACAND PLUS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 705,517 L.L
M03BA53 METHOFEN PLATINUM G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Methocarbamol - 500mg Tablet 668,082 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 16MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,257,837 L.L
M03BB52 TRANCODEX G Paracetamol - 450mg, Chlormezanone - 100mg Tablet 99,828 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 125IU Tablet 796,899 L.L
C09DA06 ARKANDA PLUS 16/12.5 G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg 32mg Tablet 854,940 L.L
J02AC01 FLUZAN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 231,653 L.L
A10BA02 MINOR G Metformin HCl - 1g 1g Tablet 266,209 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 1,000IU Tablet 1,118,077 L.L
C09DA06 CANDESARTAN / HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 327,898 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD AND FLU B Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 8MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,060,292 L.L
M03BC51 NORGESIC B Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine (citrate) - 35mg Tablet 412,560 L.L
A12AX VITAQPLUS G Vitamin K2 - 0.05mg, Colecalciferol - 400IU, Calcium - 300mg Tablet 2,500,891 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,118,900 L.L
C09DA06 CANDESARTAN / HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 327,898 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 255,970 L.L
N05AH04 JOSWE QUZAL 400 G Quetiapine - 400mg 400mg Tablet 2,697,092 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 2,125,622 L.L
C09DA07 MICARDIS PLUS B Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,101,951 L.L
N05AH04 JOSWE QUZAL 400 G Quetiapine - 400mg 400mg Tablet 5,124,071 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,402,220 L.L
C09DA07 TELMICARD 80 PLUS G Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 954,768 L.L
C07AB12 BLOVEK G Nebivolol HCl - 5mg Tablet 511,940 L.L
L04AX01 IMURAN B Azathioprine - 50mg 50mg Tablet 2,030,546 L.L
M03BX01 BACLOCALM G Baclofen - 25mg 25mg Tablet 928,595 L.L
A12CC MAVIT G Magnesium - 100mg, Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg Tablet 654,003 L.L
M03BX01 BACLOCALM G Baclofen - 10mg 10mg Tablet 589,947 L.L
N05AL07 DISLEP G Levosulpiride - 25mg 25mg Tablet 1,690,682 L.L
C07AB12 NEVILOC G Nebivolol HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet 476,104 L.L
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