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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DA04 IRTAN PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg 300mg Tablet 601,530 L.L
N05AX08 PMS-RISPERIDONE G Risperidone - 4mg 4mg Tablet 1,276,650 L.L
A10BA02 GLYFORMIN G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet 391,058 L.L
C09DA06 ATACAND PLUS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 705,517 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 16MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,257,837 L.L
N03AF04 ZEBINIX B Eslicarbazepine acetate - 800mg 800mg Tablet 11,123,961 L.L
C09DA06 ARKANDA PLUS 16/12.5 G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg 32mg Tablet 854,940 L.L
A12AA04 CALTRATE 600 B Calcium (carbonate) - 600mg 600mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
C09DA06 CANDESARTAN / HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 327,898 L.L
A12AA04 CALPEROS G Calcium (carbonate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet 630,262 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 8MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,060,292 L.L
J01DD13 CEFODOX G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 100mg 100mg Tablet 434,061 L.L
N07CA01 BETASERC B Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg 16mg Tablet 1,561,857 L.L
A10BA02 MET-FORTE G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet 355,798 L.L
A12AA04 CI-CAL B Calcium citrate - 250mg 250mg Tablet 694,767 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,118,900 L.L
C09DA06 CANDESARTAN / HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BIOGARAN G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 327,898 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 912,469 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 2,125,622 L.L
C09DA07 MICARDIS PLUS B Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,101,951 L.L
J01DD13 CEFODOX G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 200mg 200mg Tablet 851,996 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 10 G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N07CA01 BETAHISTINE ARROW G Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg 16mg Tablet 362,837 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 348,055 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,402,220 L.L
C09DA07 TELMICARD 80 PLUS G Telmisartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 954,768 L.L
N05AX12 ATYPRAL G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 712,237 L.L
N07CA01 VASOSERC FORTE G Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg 16mg Tablet 944,529 L.L
A10BA02 DIALON G Metformin HCl - 1g 1,000mg Tablet 180,075 L.L
A12AX OSTRONG G Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium hydrogen phosphate - 600mg Tablet 435,149 L.L
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