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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M03BX02 SIRDALUD B Tizanidine HCl - 2mg 2mg Tablet 631,148 L.L
C10BA05 LIPONORM PLUS 10/10 G Atorvastatin - 10mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet 974,286 L.L
G01AF02 CANAGYN G Clotrimazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
M03BX02 SIRDALUD B Tizanidine HCl - 4mg 4mg Tablet 826,175 L.L
N05AX08 PMS-RISPERIDONE G Risperidone - 1mg 1mg Tablet 823,775 L.L
M03BX04 STIFFANO G Tolperisone - 150mg 150mg Tablet 651,764 L.L
N02CC04 MAXALT B Rizatriptan (benzoate) - 10mg Tablet 439,436 L.L
J02AC01 FLUZAN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 231,653 L.L
M03BX08 JAMP-CYCLOBENZAPRINE G Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet 4,031,528 L.L
N02CC04 RIZATRIPTAN ARROW G Rizatriptan - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,182,581 L.L
C10BA05 LIPONORM PLUS 20/10 G Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet 1,226,928 L.L
M04AA01 ZYLORIC B Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 107,507 L.L
C07AB07 BISCORDEX G Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 789,667 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 255,970 L.L
M04AA01 APO-ALLOPURINOL G Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 331,929 L.L
M04AA01 ZYLORIC B Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
A11EA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 3mg, Cyanocobalamine - 60mcg, Pyridoxine HCl - 5mg, Thiamine mononitrate - 10mg, Inositol - 3mg, Calcium pantothenate - 3mg Tablet 142,063 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 212,327 L.L
N03AA02 GARDENAL B Phenobarbital - 100mg 100mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N07BC01 BUPENSAN G Buprenorphine - 8mg 8mg Tablet 1,259,180 L.L
A11EA CAL-VIT G Riboflavine - 3mg, Cyanocobalamine - 60mcg, Pyridoxine HCl - 5mg, Thiamine mononitrate - 10mg, Inositol - 3mg, Calcium Pantothenate - 3mg Tablet 4,025,128 L.L
N07BC01 BUPRENORPHINE ARROW G Buprenorphine - 8mg 8mg Tablet 1,671,740 L.L
M04AA01 APO-ALLOPURINOL G Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 626,231 L.L
N05AX08 PMS-RISPERIDONE G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet 931,283 L.L
N07BC01 BUPRENORPHINE ARROW G Buprenorphine - 2mg 2mg Tablet 563,070 L.L
A10BA02 DIALON G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet 98,101 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 200mg 200mg Tablet 169,324 L.L
N03AF01 APO-CARBAMAZEPINE G Carbamazepine - 200mg 200mg Tablet 727,019 L.L
A10BA02 GLUCOBAS G Metformin - 850mg 850mg Tablet 217,575 L.L
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