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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01AA02 GRANUDOXY G Doxycycline (monohydrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film-scored 282,207 L.L
H04AA01 GLUCAGEN BioTech Glucagon HCl - 1mg 1mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 1,343,444 L.L
H01AC01 GENOTROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5.3mg/1.15ml 5.3mg/1.15ml Injectable powder for solution+diluent 4,724,854 L.L
H01AC01 GENOTROPIN GOQUICK BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 12mg/ml 12mg/ml Injectable powder for solution+diluent 25,170,264 L.L
G03GA05 GONAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 900IU/1.5ml 66mcg/1.5ml Injectable solution 29,625,401 L.L
G03GA05 GONAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 450IU/0.75ml 450IU/0.75ml Injectable solution 14,813,959 L.L
G03GA05 GONAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 300IU/0.5ml 300IU/0.5ml Injectable solution 10,305,698 L.L
G03DA04 GESTA 400 G Progesterone - 400mg 400mg Pessary 1,083,137 L.L
G03CC06 GYNOFLOR B Estriol - 0.03mg, Lactobacillus acidophillus - 10 MIU Tablet 813,025 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 10IU/ml 10IU/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 626,231 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 5IU/0.5ml 5IU/0.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 313,115 L.L
G01AF04 GYNO-MIKOZAL G Miconazole nitrate - 200mg 200mg Ovule 503,941 L.L
G01AF04 GYNO-MIKOZAL G Miconazole nitrate - 400mg 400mg Ovule 302,365 L.L
D07CC02 GENTACORT-FC G Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.01%, Clotrimazole - 1%, Gentamicin (sulfate) - 0.1% Cream 302,365 L.L
D06BB10 GENIMOD G Imiquimod - 5% 5% Cream 2,268,406 L.L
D02AX GLYCERINE G Glycerol - Liquid 163,821 L.L
D01BA01 GRISEOFULVIN G Griseofulvin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, scored 575,933 L.L
C09DA04 GIZLAN-PLUS G Irbesartan - 150mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 395,090 L.L
C09DA04 GIZLAN-PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 395,090 L.L
C09DA04 GIZLAN-PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 768,678 L.L
C09CA04 GIZLAN G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 748,520 L.L
C09CA04 GIZLAN G Irbesartan - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 768,678 L.L
C05CX GINKGO BIOGARAN G Ginkgo biloba extract - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 345,368 L.L
C05CX GINKGO BIOGARAN G Ginkgo biloba extract - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 985,037 L.L
C05CA54 GINKOR FORT B Heptaminol HCl - 0.300g, Troxerutine - 0.300g, Ginkgo biloba extract - 0.014g Capsule 681,328 L.L
B05CX01 GLUCOSE INJ. G Glucose - 10g/20ml 50% Injectable solution 5,038,066 L.L
B05CX01 GLUCOSE INJ. G Glucose - 6g/20ml 30% Injectable solution 5,157,668 L.L
B05AA06 GELASPAN B Gelatine, succinylated - 4% 4% Injectable solution 9,107,572 L.L
B03AD03 GYNO-TARDYFERON B Folic acid - 0.35mg, Ferrous (sulfate) - 80mg Tablet, sugar coated, slow release 682,672 L.L
B01AC04 GREPID G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,248,335 L.L
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