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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01MA12 MATADOR G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 787,492 L.L
S01EE01 MONOPROST G Latanoprost - 50mcg/ml 50mcg/ml Drops solution 1,187,957 L.L
B03AD04 MALTOFER B Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Drops solution 649,076 L.L
B03AD04 MALTOFER B Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Drops solution 649,076 L.L
B03AD04 MALTOFER B Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 10mg/ml 50mg/5ml Syrup 589,947 L.L
B03AD04 MALTOFER B Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 10mg/ml 50mg/5ml Syrup 589,947 L.L
A10AD01 MIXTARD 30 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
A10AD01 MIXTARD 30 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
M03BA53 METHOFEN PLATINUM G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Methocarbamol - 500mg Tablet 668,082 L.L
S03CA04 MYCICORT G Hydrocortisone acetate - 5mg, Neomycin sulfate - 5mg Drops suspension 166,381 L.L
C03EA01 MODURETIC B Hydrochlorothiazide - 50mg, Amiloride HCl - 5mg Tablet 767,985 L.L
G03GA02 MENO-CLAIR HP-HMG BioHuman Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Highly purified - 75IU 75IU Injectable powder for solution + solution 1,045,509 L.L
G03GA02 MENO-CLAIR HP-HMG BioHuman Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Highly purified - 150IU 150IU Injectable powder for solution + solution 2,005,013 L.L
R05CA03 MUCINEX G Guaifenesin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, extended release 749,864 L.L
L01FX02 MYLOTARG BioTech Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin - 4.5mg 4.5mg Injectable powder 748,160,090 L.L
J01XX01 MONUROL B Fosfomycine (trométamol) - 3g 3g Granules for solution 571,133 L.L
B03BB01 MED-FOLIC ACID G Folic acid - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 355,798 L.L
B03AD MALTOFER FOL B Folic acid - 0.35mg, Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 100mg Tablet, chewable 854,684 L.L
N06CA02 MELIXITE G Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg Tablet, film coated 600,250 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Granules for suspension 793,507 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Tablet 755,112 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 255,970 L.L
G03AB03 MICROGYNON '30' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Levonorgestrel - 0.15mg Tablet, sugar coated 145,135 L.L
G03AA09 MARVELON B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Desogestrel - 0.15mg Tablet 319,835 L.L
G03CA03 MONTADIOL G Estradiol - 0.01% 0.01% Cream 1,105,982 L.L
A02BC05 METAPRO G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 639,669 L.L
N06AB10 MEDIPREX G Escitalopram - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 456,906 L.L
D10AF02 MED-ERYTHROMYCIN 4% G Erythromycin - 40mg/ml 4% Solution 235,492 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 88,599,923 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 77,379,009 L.L
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