Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
A07EC02	PENTASA	B	Mesalazine - 1g	1g	Enema	2,791,161 L.L
A11AB	CYPRO-VITA	B	Vitamin C - 20mg, Vitamin B3 - 5mg, Vitamin B12 - 2.5mg, Vitamin B6 - 0.6mg, Vitamin B2 - 0.75mg, Vitamin B1 - 0.6mg, Vitamin D3 - 167IU, Vitamin A - 1670IU, Cyproheptadine HCl - 4mg		Tablet, film coated	409,552 L.L
B02BX01	DICYNONE	B	Etamsylate - 500mg	500mg	Capsule	1,311,590 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C09CA08	OLMETEC	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	920,532 L.L
C10AA08	LIVAZO	B	Pitavastatin - 4mg	4mg	Tablet, film coated	1,835,305 L.L
H01BA02	MINIRIN MELT	B	Desmopressin - 60mcg	60mcg	Tablet, Oral lyophilisate	2,484,765 L.L
M04AA01	ZYLORIC	B	Allopurinol - 300mg	300mg	Tablet	302,365 L.L
N05AX08	RISPERDAL	B	Risperidone - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	498,566 L.L
N07BC01	BUVIDAL	B	Buprenorphine - 128mg	128mg	Injectable solution prolonged release	34,835,645 L.L
S02DA01	OTIPAX	B	Lidocaine HCl - 1g/100g, Phenazone - 4g/100g		Drops	236,516 L.L
A07EC02	ASACOL	B	Mesalazine - 1g/100ml	1g/100ml	Enema	2,748,158 L.L
A11BA	VITALIPID N INFANT	B	Vitamin A - 230IU/ml, Vitamin D2 - 40IU/ml, Vitamin E - 0.7IU/ml, Vitamin K1 - 20mcg/ml		Injectable concentrate for solution	2,448,481 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l	1.36%	Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
N05AX08	RISPERDAL	B	Risperidone - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	498,566 L.L
S02DC	WAXSOL	B	Docusate sodium - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops solution	157,230 L.L
A07EC02	SALOFALK	B	Mesalazine - 1.5g	1.5g	Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release	6,150,767 L.L
A11CC03	ONE-ALPHA	B	Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml	2mcg/ml	Injectable solution	2,218,684 L.L
B02BX05	REVOLADE	B	Eltrombopag Olamine - 25mg	25mg	Tablet, film coated	79,847,895 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CX	REPARIL	B	Aescine - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, sugar coated	510,660 L.L
C09CA09	EDARBI	B	Azilsartan medoxomil - 40mg	40mg	Tablet	1,846,440 L.L
C10AB04	LOPID	B	Gemfibrozil - 600mg	600mg	Tablet, film coated	498,566 L.L
H01BB03	PABAL RTS	B	Carbetocin - 100mcg/ml	100mcg/ml	Injectable solution	12,185,492 L.L
N03AE01	RIVOTRIL	B	Clonazepam - 0.5mg	0.5mg	Tablet, scored	403,153 L.L
A07EC02	SALOFALK	B	Mesalazine - 3g	3g	Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release	11,256,652 L.L
A11CC03	ONE-ALPHA	B	Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml	2mcg/ml	Injectable solution	4,219,665 L.L
B02BX05	REVOLADE	B	Eltrombopag Olamine - 50mg	50mg	Tablet, film coated	67,227,846 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
C09CA09	EDARBI	B	Azilsartan medoxomil - 80mg	80mg	Tablet	2,023,827 L.L