Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
A12AA03	CALCIUM GLUCONATE S.A.L.F	G	Calcium gluconate monohydrate - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	389,714 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU	40,000IU	Injectable solution	11,210,836 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	349,596 L.L
L01FG01	BEVACIREL	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 400mg/16ml	400mg/16ml	Injectable solution	49,744,595 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 5% DEXTROSE AND 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Dextrose, H2O - 5%, Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Potassium chloride - 20meq		Injectable solution	229,959 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	181,908 L.L
A03AX12	PHLOROGLUCINOL/TRIMETHYLPHLOROGLUCINOL ARROW	G	Phloroglucinol - 40mg/4ml, Trimethylphloroglucinol - 0.04mg/4ml		Injectable solution	940,690 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq		Injectable solution	278,102 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	156,288 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMED	G	Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	2,998,113 L.L
B05	20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	B	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20mEq		Injectable solution	229,959 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	165,482 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMED	G	Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	338,648 L.L
L01FG01	ZIRABEV	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 400mg/16ml	400mg/16ml	Injectable solution	49,965,229 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 40meq/l		Injectable solution	293,041 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMEDIS FORT	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	43,003 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq/l		Injectable solution	232,134 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
H02AB02	DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE USP - EIPICO	G	Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	185,450 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	7,154,928 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	156,288 L.L
H02AB02	DEXASINA	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	3,471,145 L.L
L01FG01	BEVACIREL	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml	100mg/4ml	Injectable solution	14,719,570 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%		Injectable solution	4,031,528 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,182,581 L.L
H02AB02	RADOLINE	G	Dexamethasone sodium phosphate - 8mg/2ml	8mg/2ml	Injectable solution	3,711,565 L.L