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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
J06BB04 IMMUNOGLOBULINE HUMAINE DE L'HEPATITE B LFB BioHuman Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (human) - 500UI/5ml 500UI/5ml Injectable solution 26,599,935 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 15mg/dose 15mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
N01AX03 KETAMINE PANPHARMA G Ketamine HCl - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 1,534,668 L.L
V03AB14 PROSULF 1% B Protamine sulfate - 50mg/5ml 1% Injectable solution 8,216,459 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE INJECTION 5% G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 212,797 L.L
J06BD01 SYNAGIS BioTech Palivizumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 57,429,464 L.L
V03AB35 BRIDION B Sugammadex - 200mg/2ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 54,230,830 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
J06BD01 SYNAGIS BioTech Palivizumab - 50mg/0.5ml 50mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 38,316,693 L.L
V03AB35 PLIBADEX G Sugammadex - 200mg/2ml 200mg/2ml Injectable solution 47,914,365 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
V03AB35 RELANCIUM G Sugammadex - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 45,660,028 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
J07AH08 MENACTRA MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE B Meningococcal Polysaccharides (serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) - 4mcg/0.5ml each, Diphteria Toxoid Protein - 48mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 6,144,048 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE AGUETTANT for spinal anaesthesia G Bupivacaine HCl - 20mg/4ml 20mg/4ml Injectable solution 1,554,826 L.L
V03AB35 ? SUGAMMADEX G Sugammadex - 200mg/2ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 5,214,109 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE HEAVY PANPHARMA G Bupivacaine HCl - 20mg/4ml 20mg/4ml Injectable solution 2,586,897 L.L
V03AB35 PLIBADEX G Sugammadex - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Injectable solution 98,646,620 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
J07AH08 MENQUADFI G Meningococcal (serogroups A, C, W and Y) conjugate vaccine - Injectable solution 4,859,334 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE AGUETTANT 2.5MG/ML G Bupivacaine HCl - 50mg/20ml 50mg/20ml Injectable solution 2,736,063 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE AGUETTANT 5MG/ML G Bupivacaine HCl - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 3,078,743 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 205,703 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
J07AL01 PNEUMOVAX 23 B Polysaccharides from each of 23 capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae - 25mcgx23serotypes/0.5ml Injectable solution 2,378,601 L.L
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