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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BJ06 OZEMPIC B Semaglutide - 1mg 1mg Injectable solution 10,927,526 L.L
B02AA02 EXACYL B Tranexamic acid - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Injectable solution 748,520 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 159,736 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 42,296,819 L.L
A10BJ06 SEMATIDE G Semaglutide - 1mg 1mg Injectable solution 9,288,397 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
J06BA02 GAMUNEX-C BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 10% 10% Injectable solution 39,990,287 L.L
M05BA08 ACLASTA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 5mg/100ml 5mg/100ml Injectable solution 21,075,062 L.L
L01FX24 TECVAYLI BioTech Teclistamab - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution L.L
A10BJ06 SEMATIDE G Semaglutide - 0.25mg & 0.5mg Injectable solution 9,288,397 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
J06BA02 IG VENA BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 28,622,366 L.L
L02AE04 GONAPEPTYL B Triptorelin acetate - 0.1mg 0.1mg Injectable solution 4,637,600 L.L
M05BA08 SIMPLA G Zoledronic acid - 5mg/100ml 5mg/100ml Injectable solution 13,071,402 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
J06BA02 IMMUNOREL BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5% Injectable solution 29,700,912 L.L
N03AB02 PHENTOLEP INJECTION G Phenytoin (sodium) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 1,447,318 L.L
L03AA02 NEUTROMAX BioTech Filgrastim - 300mcg/ml 300mcg/ml Injectable solution L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
J06BA02 IMMUNOREL BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 2.5g/50ml 5% Injectable solution 14,850,456 L.L
N03AB02 ? PHENYTOIN SODIUM 5% USP G Phenytoin (sodium) - 250mg/5ml 5ml Injectable solution 276,448 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
C03CA01 FRURETIC G Furosemide - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,600,655 L.L
J06BA02 KIOVIG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 5g/50ml 5g/50ml Injectable solution 35,639,835 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
C03CA01 FUROLIX G Furosemide - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,612,611 L.L
J06BA02 OCTAGAM BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 37,672,334 L.L
M05BX04 PROLIA BioTech Denosumab - 60mg/ml 60mg/ml Injectable solution 21,603,638 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSEMIDE RENAUDIN G Furosemide (sodium) - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 451,531 L.L
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