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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 252,820 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 219,493 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 252,820 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 284,997 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 10% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 10% 10% Injectable solution 217,195 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 10% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 10% 10% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 10% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 10% 10% Injectable solution 168,929 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 369,209 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 20% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 20% 20% Injectable solution 316,025 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 20% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 20% 20% Injectable solution 183,869 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 159,736 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
B05D PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION WITH 4 1/4% DEXTROSE G Sodium lactate - 0.392g%, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.0257g%, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.0153g%, Sodium chloride - 0.567g%, Dextrose, H2O - 4.25g% Injectable solution 498,744 L.L
B05D PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION WITH 1 1/2% DEXTROSE G Sodium lactate - 0.392g%, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.0257g%, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.0153g%, Sodium chloride - 0.567g%, Dextrose, H2O - 1.5g% Injectable solution 490,807 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 605,921 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 2Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 16.5g/l Injectable solution 707,716 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 3Solution for peritoneal dialysis G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 42.50g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 46.75g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) TWIN BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
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