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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A03BA01 ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN G Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml 0.1% Injectable solution 397,777 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 260,705 L.L
R01AA07 DECOZAL G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Metered dose spray 147,823 L.L
R01AA07 DECOZAL G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Drops 145,135 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Drops 241,892 L.L
R01AA07 OTRIVIN MENTHOL 0.1% B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Drops 387,027 L.L
R01AA07 XYLO-COMOD G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 499,909 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID CRELO 0.1% B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Emulsion 177,387 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID CRELO 0.1% B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Emulsion 177,387 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lotion 201,576 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lotion 201,576 L.L
D07AC01 BETNOVATE B Betamethasone - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 235,172 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 341,336 L.L
D07AC13 ELISONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 249,955 L.L
D07AC13 ELISONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 435,405 L.L
D07AC13 METASONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 335,321 L.L
D07AC13 XEMADERM G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 335,961 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate micronized - 1mg/g 0.1% Ointment 399,121 L.L
D07AC13 ELOCOM B Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Lotion 282,207 L.L
D07AC13 KONEX G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 385,683 L.L
D07AC13 METASONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Lotion 239,332 L.L
D07AC14 PRENIDERM G Methylprednisolone aceponate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 312,283 L.L
S01BA07 OPTILONE G Fluorometholone - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 309,084 L.L
S01BC01 INDOCOLLYRE B Indometacine - 5mg/5ml 0.1% Drops 408,528 L.L
S01BC03 DICLOFTIL G Diclofenac sodium - 0.1% 0.1% Drops solution 1,038,790 L.L
D07AC01 BETNOVATE B Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1% 0.1% w/w Cream 279,519 L.L
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