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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml Injectable solution 226,388 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 159,736 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
L01BC02 5-FLUOROURACIL EBEWE G Fluorouracil - 1000mg/20ml 1000mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 653,107 L.L
N01BB02 ? 2% LIDOCAINE HCL USP G Lidocaine HCl - 2% 2% Injectable solution 255,970 L.L
M01AE01 ? IBUPROFEN G Ibuprofen - 400mg/100ml 400mg/100ml Injectable solution 383,955 L.L
P01AB01 ? METRONIDAZOL G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 162,541 L.L
C01CA03 ? NORADRENALINE G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 330,201 L.L
N02BE01 ? PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 191,978 L.L
N03AB02 ? PHENYTOIN SODIUM 5% USP G Phenytoin (sodium) - 250mg/5ml 5ml Injectable solution 276,448 L.L
D10BA01 A-CNOTREN G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,390,057 L.L
D10AD01 A-RET G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 335,961 L.L
N02BE51 A.B.C.-COLD G Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 534,977 L.L
B01AC06 A.S HEART G Acetylsalicylic acid - 81mg 81mg Tablet, enteric coated 148,463 L.L
N05AX12 ABILIFY MAINTENA B Aripiprazole - 400mg 400mg Injectable powder for suspension, prolonged release+solvent 29,491,998 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 10 G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 15 G Aripiprazole - 15mg 15mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
L02BX03 ABIRATERONE ACETATE NEAPOLIS G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet 197,778,023 L.L
L02BX03 ABIRATERONE ACETATE SPC G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 141,687,170 L.L
L02BX03 ABLAX 250 G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet 45,056,853 L.L
L02BX03 ABLAX 500 G Abiraterone acetate - 500mg 500mg Tablet 45,056,853 L.L
L01CD01 ABRAXANE BioTech Paclitaxel Albumin- bound - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable powder for dispersion 17,850,751 L.L
L02BX03 ABREMIA G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet 77,478,802 L.L
L02BX03 ABREMIA G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet L.L
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