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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A02BC04 RAMEP G Rabeprazole (sodium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 499,046 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 1,005,194 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 1,005,194 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 415,632 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 474,598 L.L
A02BC05 METAPRO G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 639,669 L.L
N07BB03 ACAMPROSATE BIOGARAN G Acamprosate - 333mg 333mg Tablet, gastroresistant 3,641,813 L.L
J02AC04 NOXAFIL B Posaconazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet, gastroresistant 62,027,714 L.L
A16AX BICANORM G Sodium bicarbonate - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,623,181 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN-50 G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, gastroresistant 248,611 L.L
V01AA ACARIZAX 12 SQ-HDM ORAL LYOPHILISATE B Allergen extracts - 12 SQ-HDM Tablet, lyophilised 9,366,451 L.L
J01AA02 TOLEXINE G Doxycycline (monohydrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, microgranules 589,947 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL RETARD B Tramadol HCl - 200mg 200mg Tablet, modified release 474,376 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 8,454,523 L.L
G04CA01 PROSTETROL G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, modified release 360,150 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 12,310,378 L.L
G04CA01 PROSTETROL G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, modified release 682,672 L.L
G04CA53 VESOMNI B Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Solifenacin succinate - 6mg Tablet, modified release 4,491,122 L.L
A10BB09 DIAMICRON MR B Gliclazide - 60mg 60mg Tablet, modified release 382,995 L.L
C08DA51 TARKA B Verapamil - 240mg, Trandolapril - 4mg Tablet, modified release 3,797,532 L.L
J01FA09 KLACID RM B Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, modified release 1,173,175 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL RETARD B Tramadol HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, modified release 236,516 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL RETARD B Tramadol HCl - 150mg 150mg Tablet, modified release 356,118 L.L
N05AH03 OLANZAX 5 G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 1,316,966 L.L
N05AH03 OLIZAX 5 G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 1,466,580 L.L
N05AH03 OLANZAX 10 G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 2,329,327 L.L
N05AH03 OLIZAX 10 G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 2,598,096 L.L
R03DC03 ROMILAST G Montelukast (sodium) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 518,723 L.L
R03DC03 ROMILAST G Montelukast (sodium) - 4mg 4mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 405,840 L.L
H01BA02 MINIRIN MELT B Desmopressin - 120mcg 120mcg Tablet, Oral lyophilisate 4,970,873 L.L
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