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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 2,289,908 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 3,839,358 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL JOINT B Paracetamol - 665mg 665mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 291,614 L.L
G04CA02 OMNIC OCAS B Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 866,778 L.L
N03AG01 VILAPRO CHRONO 500 G Sodium valproate - 333mg, Valproic acid - 145mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 217,702 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN SR B Verapamil (HCl) - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 1,085,822 L.L
C09BX02 COSYREL B Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 749,864 L.L
C09BX02 COSYREL B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 749,864 L.L
M01AE02 NAPROXENE SODIQUE ARROW G Naproxen (sodium) - 550mg 550mg Tablet, film coated, scored 255,330 L.L
C07AB05 KERLONE B Betaxolol HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated, scored 575,165 L.L
C07AB07 BISOPROLOL QUIVER LAB G Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg 7.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 264,737 L.L
C07AB07 BISOPROLOL QUIVER LAB G Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, scored 526,786 L.L
A10BA02 METFORMINE ARROW LAB G Metformin - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, film coated, scored 237,860 L.L
A10BA02 METFORMINE ARROW LAB G Metformin - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, film coated, scored 689,391 L.L
A10BA02 METFORMINE ARROW LAB G Metformin - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, film coated, scored 237,860 L.L
N06DX01 MEMANTINE ARROW LAB G Memantine HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,404,315 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 6.25mg 6.25mg Tablet, film coated, scored 364,181 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 364,181 L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated, scored 425,998 L.L
N05CF02 STILNOX B Zolpidem (tartrate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, scored 96,757 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 7.5mg 7.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
N06AB05 PAXERA G Paroxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film-scored 1,016,841 L.L
J01MA01 OFLACIN G Ofloxacin - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film-scored 602,041 L.L
J01MA01 OFLOMED G Ofloxacin - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film-scored 601,530 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 240,548 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFAR G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 241,892 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROPHARM G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 354,774 L.L
J01MA02 SUPERFLOX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film-scored 458,250 L.L
N06AB08 FAVERIN B Fluvoxamine maleate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film-scored 1,291,433 L.L
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