Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	218,681 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F	G	Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
J01EE01	PAEDIATRIC CO-TRIMOXAZOLE MIXTURE	G	Trimethoprim - 40mg/5ml, Sulfamethoxazole - 200mg/5ml	Suspension	190,698 L.L
M01AB55	DIFEN B12	G	Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 10.08mg, Hydroxocobalamin acetate - 10.44mg	Injectable solution	978,317 L.L
N01BB58	ORABLOC	G	Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1/100.000	Injectable solution	1,976,792 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l	Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG	G	Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,540,044 L.L
G03FB01	PROGYLUTON	B	Norgestrel - 0.5mg (tablet 2), Estradiol valerate - 2mg (tablet 1, tablet 2)	Tablet	193,513 L.L
J01EE01	BACTRIM FORTE	B	Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg	Tablet	344,024 L.L
J05AP55	EPCLUSA	B	Sofosbuvir - 400mg, Velpatasvir - 100mg	Tablet, film coated	903,246,290 L.L
N01BB58	ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE	G	Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,881,380 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.02g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	239,275 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
J01EE01	CO-TRIMOXAZOLE	G	Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg	Tablet	7,529,090 L.L
J05AP56	VOSEVI	B	Sofosbuvir - 400mg, Velpatasvir - 100mg, Voxilaprevir - 100mg	Tablet, film coated	811,924,785 L.L
L02BB06	NUBEQA	B	Darolutamide - 300mg	Tablet, film coated	428,491,228 L.L
B05BB01	LR	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml	Injectable solution	218,681 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DX	LOSANET AM PLUS	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
D05AX52	DAIVOBET	B	Calcipotriol - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone - 0.5mg/g	Gel	2,100,426 L.L
J01EE01	CO-TRIMOXAZOLE	G	Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg	Tablet	183,019 L.L
J05AR01	CONDINE	G	Lamivudine - 150mg, Zidovudine - 300mg	Tablet, film coated	5,818,474 L.L
M01AC01	BRUXICAM	B	Piroxicam - 0.5%	Drops solution	530,818 L.L
A03AX13	MOSAR PLUS	B	Mosapride citrate - 5mg, Simethicone - 200mg	Tablet, coated	865,435 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l	Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DX	LOSANET AM PLUS	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet	1,044,358 L.L