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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N05AH04 QUETIAPINE/ GENEPHARM G Quetiapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,569,608 L.L
C09CA04 GIZLAN G Irbesartan - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 768,678 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUCOR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL EXTRA WITH OPTIZORB B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Tablet, film coated 524,099 L.L
J05AB11 VALACICLOVIR ARROW G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 753,896 L.L
J05AB11 VALACICLOVIR ARROW G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,889,261 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW LAB G Levetiracetam - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 1,243,054 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW LAB G Levetiracetam - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,441,762 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW LAB G Levetiracetam - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,940,327 L.L
C09CA03 VALSARTAN ARROW LAB G Valsartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 387,027 L.L
C09CA03 VALSARTAN ARROW LAB G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 473,033 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 750 G Metformin HCl - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 500,421 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 750 G Metformin HCl - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 500,421 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 750 G Metformin HCl - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 500,421 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 1000 G Metformin HCl - 1,000mg 1,000mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 579,772 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg 1,000mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 579,772 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg 1,000mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 579,772 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
C10AB05 LIPANTHYL B Fenofibrate - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,051,052 L.L
C01EB15 VASTAREL B Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,053,573 L.L
C01EB15 CARMETADIN G Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 631,606 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,226,096 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,555,018 L.L
N03AG01 VILAPRO CHRONO 500 G Sodium valproate - 333mg, Valproic acid - 145mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 217,702 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 972,942 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 2,289,908 L.L
N02AA01 MST CONTINUS B Morphine sulfate - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 3,839,358 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN SR B Verapamil (HCl) - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 1,027,907 L.L
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