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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N05BA01 VALIUM B Diazepam - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 200,233 L.L
N05BA02 PSICODEX G Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg 5mg Tablet 152,302 L.L
C09AA03 ZESTRIL B Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 295,645 L.L
N01AH06 ULTIVA B Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Injectable powder for solution 2,990,050 L.L
C09AA03 TENSIKEY G Lisinopril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 456,906 L.L
N01AH06 REMIFENTANIL MEDIS G Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Injectable powder 2,576,146 L.L
C09AA04 COVERSYL ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 509,316 L.L
C09AA05 ACURIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 614,136 L.L
C09AA05 APO-RAMIPRIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Capsule 794,211 L.L
C09AA05 NORMOPRIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 474,376 L.L
C09AA05 RAMIPRIL-REMEDICA G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 623,543 L.L
C09AA05 TRILTEC G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Capsule 447,948 L.L
A05AA04 OCALIVA B Obeticholic acid - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 224,503,943 L.L
C01EB17 PROCORALAN B Ivabradin (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,890,786 L.L
G04BD06 MICTONORM B Propiverine HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, coated 1,917,663 L.L
C01EB17 BRAVIGO G Ivabradine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,237,679 L.L
A06AB02 DULCOLAX B Bisacodyl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, sugar coated 520,067 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
A06AB02 DULCOLAX B Bisacodyl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, sugar coated 219,046 L.L
G04BD08 VESICARE B Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,619,330 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFAS G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFENACINE ARROW G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet 952,784 L.L
G04BD08 URICARE G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,334,884 L.L
G04BD08 URISOL G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,334,884 L.L
B02BD08 NOVOSEVEN RT BioTech Eptacog alfa (activated) recombinant - 5mg 5mg (250KIU) Injectable powder for solution+diluent 264,894,762 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 4,699,417 L.L
H01AC01 NORDITROPIN NORDIFLEX BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 7,582,922 L.L
H01AC01 OMNITROPE BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 26,295,375 L.L
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